Translingual
Han character
齒 (Kangxi radical 211, 齒+0, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜一山人人 (YMUOO), four-corner 21772, composition ⿱止𠚕)
- Kangxi radical #211, ⿒.
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №38
Derived characters
- Appendix:Chinese radical/齒
- 嚙, 𪤭, 𡾐, 𫹁, 𢸡, 𤁧, 𤪷, 𦢠, 𥗊, 𮉕, 𦉟, 𮝱, 鑡, 𩪲
- 𠠚, 𢎕, 𧢟, 𩖁, 𨰒, 𧀤, 𤼻, 𤻽
Descendants
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1532, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48583
- Dae Jaweon: page 2070, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4788, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9F52
Chinese
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (
止)
(Zhengzhang, 2003)
|
Old Chinese
|
祉
|
*kʰlɯʔ
|
址
|
*kjɯʔ
|
止
|
*kjɯʔ
|
趾
|
*kjɯʔ
|
芷
|
*kjɯʔ
|
沚
|
*kjɯʔ
|
阯
|
*kjɯʔ
|
齒
|
*kʰjɯʔ
|
紕
|
*be, *pʰi, *kʰjɯʔ
|
Pictogram (象形) – a mouth full of teeth. 之 (zhī) or 止 (zhǐ) was later added on top as a phonetic component.
Etymology
Unclear. Not related to Tibetan མཆེ་བ (mche ba, “fang, tusk”), which is cognate with 齻 / 𱌺 (diān, “eyetooth”), but may be the same word as Proto-Min *kʰiᴮ (“tooth”). Another possibility is a derivation from an Austroasiatic etymon; Schuessler, 2007 (p.188) suggests a possible relationship to Khmer ខ្នាយ (khnaay, “tusk, spur”), as Austroasiatic medial /n/ is often deleted in loans.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Pinyin): chǐ (chi3)
- (Zhuyin): ㄔˇ
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ci3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): цы (cɨ, III)
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ci2
- Gan (Wiktionary): ci3
- Hakka
- (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ́
- (Hailu, HRS): chiˊ
- (Meixian, Guangdong): ci3
- Jin (Wiktionary): ci2
- Northern Min (KCR): chǐ
- Eastern Min (BUC): kī / chī
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ki3 / ci3
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): khí / chhí
- (Teochew, Peng'im): ki2 / cin2
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5tshy
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): chr3
Note:
- kī - vernacular;
- chī - literary.
Note:
- ki3 - vernacular;
- ci3 - literary.
Note:
- khí - vernacular;
- chhí - literary.
Note:
- ki2 - vernacular;
- cin2 - literary.
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
- Wugniu: 5tshy
- MiniDict: tshy去
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 2tshr
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰz̩³⁴/
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: chr3
- Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴¹/
- Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /t͡sʰz̩⁴¹/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
Character
|
齒
|
Reading #
|
1/1
|
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
|
chǐ
|
Middle Chinese
|
‹ tsyhiX ›
|
Old Chinese
|
/*t-[k]ʰə(ŋ)ʔ/ (or *t.ŋ̊əʔ)
|
English
|
front teeth
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
Character
|
齒
|
Reading #
|
1/1
|
No.
|
17302
|
Phonetic component
|
止
|
Rime group
|
之
|
Rime subdivision
|
0
|
Corresponding MC rime
|
|
Old Chinese
|
/*kʰjɯʔ/
|
Definitions
齒
- (anatomy) tooth
- 牙齒/牙齿 ― yáchǐ ― tooth
- (figurative) tooth- or zigzag-like thing, such as a sawtooth, cogwheel, or fern
- (figurative) age (of a person or animal)
- to juxtapose; to put side by side
- to utter; to mention
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to employ; to take in
- (dialectal) to touch; to be in contact with
- (Xiang) pay attention, to be concerned with
你莫齒他就是的。 [Xiang, trad.]
你莫齿他就是的。 [Xiang, simp.]- nyi3 mo6 chr3 ta1 ziou5 shr5 di [Wiktionary]
- It would be better to not pay attention to him.
我才懶齒得。 [Xiang, trad.]
我才懒齿得。 [Xiang, simp.]- ngo3 zai2 lan3 chr3 de [Wiktionary]
- I'd rather not concern myself.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
牙齒 (“tooth”)
[map]
Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
Classical Chinese
|
齒
|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
牙齒
|
Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
牙
|
Taiwan
|
牙
|
Harbin
|
牙
|
Singapore
|
牙齒
|
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)
|
牙
|
Jilu Mandarin
|
Jinan
|
牙
|
Jiaoliao Mandarin
|
Yantai (Muping)
|
牙
|
Central Plains Mandarin
|
Luoyang
|
牙
|
Wanrong
|
牙
|
Xi'an
|
牙
|
Xining
|
牙
|
Xuzhou
|
牙
|
Lanyin Mandarin
|
Yinchuan
|
牙
|
Ürümqi
|
牙
|
Southwestern Mandarin
|
Chengdu
|
牙齒
|
Chongqing
|
牙齒, 牙巴
|
Wuhan
|
牙齒, 才調子
|
Guiyang
|
牙齒
|
Guilin
|
牙齒
|
Liuzhou
|
牙齒
|
Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Yangzhou
|
牙子
|
Xinghua
|
牙齒
|
Hefei
|
牙, 牙齒
|
Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
牙
|
Hong Kong
|
牙
|
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)
|
牙
|
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)
|
牙
|
Hong Kong (Ting Kok)
|
牙
|
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)
|
牙
|
Macau
|
牙
|
Guangzhou (Panyu)
|
牙
|
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
|
牙
|
Guangzhou (Conghua)
|
牙
|
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
|
牙
|
Foshan
|
牙
|
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
|
牙
|
Foshan (Shunde)
|
牙
|
Foshan (Sanshui)
|
牙
|
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
|
牙
|
Zhongshan (Shiqi)
|
牙
|
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)
|
牙
|
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)
|
牙
|
Zhuhai (Doumen)
|
牙
|
Jiangmen (Baisha)
|
牙
|
Jiangmen (Xinhui)
|
牙
|
Taishan
|
牙
|
Kaiping (Chikan)
|
牙
|
Enping (Niujiang)
|
牙
|
Heshan (Yayao)
|
牙
|
Dongguan
|
牙
|
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
|
牙
|
Qingyuan
|
牙
|
Fogang
|
牙
|
Yingde (Hanguang)
|
牙
|
Yangshan
|
牙
|
Lianshan (Butian)
|
牙齒
|
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)
|
牙齒
|
Shaoguan
|
牙, 牙齒
|
Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
牙
|
Renhua
|
牙齒
|
Lechang
|
牙, 牙齒
|
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)
|
牙
|
Sihui
|
牙
|
Guangning
|
牙
|
Deqing
|
牙
|
Huaiji
|
牙
|
Fengkai (Nanfeng)
|
牙
|
Yunfu
|
牙
|
Xinxing
|
牙
|
Luoding
|
牙
|
Yunan (Pingtai)
|
牙
|
Yangjiang
|
牙
|
Xinyi
|
牙齒
|
Maoming (Xinpo)
|
牙
|
Lianjiang
|
牙
|
Nanning
|
牙齒, 牙
|
Wuzhou
|
牙齒, 牙
|
Yulin
|
牙齒, 牙
|
Hepu (Lianzhou)
|
牙齒
|
Guiping
|
牙齒
|
Mengshan (Xihe)
|
牙齒
|
Guigang (Nanjiang)
|
牙齒
|
Beiliu (Tangliao)
|
牙齒
|
Baise
|
牙齒
|
Bobai
|
牙齒
|
Lingshan
|
牙齒
|
Pubei
|
牙齒
|
Qinzhou
|
牙齒
|
Beihai
|
牙齒
|
Ningming
|
牙齒
|
Hengzhou
|
牙齒
|
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu)
|
牙齒
|
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
牙
|
Singapore (Guangfu)
|
牙
|
Gan
|
Nanchang
|
牙齒
|
Pingxiang
|
牙齒
|
Hakka
|
Meixian
|
牙齒
|
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)
|
牙
|
Dongguan (Qingxi)
|
牙
|
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
|
牙齒
|
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
|
牙
|
Wuhua (Huacheng)
|
牙齒
|
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)
|
牙齒
|
Yudu
|
牙齒
|
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
牙齒
|
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
牙齒
|
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
牙齒
|
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
牙齒
|
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
牙齒
|
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
牙, 牙齒
|
Hong Kong
|
牙
|
Senai (Huiyang)
|
牙
|
Singapore (Dabu)
|
牙齒
|
Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
牙齒
|
Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
牙
|
Xinzhou
|
牙
|
Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
牙齒
|
Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
牙
|
Fuzhou (Changle)
|
牙
|
Fuqing
|
喙齒
|
Yongtai
|
牙齒
|
Gutian
|
喙齒
|
Fu'an
|
喙齒
|
Ningde
|
喙齒
|
Shouning
|
喙齒
|
Zhouning
|
喙齒
|
Fuding
|
牙齒
|
Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
喙齒, 齒
|
Xiamen (Tong'an)
|
喙齒
|
Quanzhou
|
喙齒, 齒
|
Jinjiang
|
喙齒
|
Hui'an
|
喙齒
|
Anxi
|
喙齒
|
Dehua
|
喙齒
|
Zhangzhou
|
喙齒, 齒
|
Zhao'an
|
喙齒
|
Kaohsiung
|
喙齒, 齒
|
Yilan
|
喙齒
|
Changhua (Lukang)
|
喙齒
|
Taichung
|
牙齒
|
Taichung (Wuqi)
|
喙齒
|
Tainan
|
喙齒
|
Taitung
|
喙齒
|
Hsinchu
|
喙齒
|
Penghu (Magong)
|
喙齒
|
Penang (Hokkien)
|
喙齒, 牙
|
Singapore (Hokkien)
|
喙齒, 齒
|
Manila (Hokkien)
|
喙齒
|
Pingnan (Shangdu)
|
牙齒
|
Chaozhou
|
齒
|
Shantou
|
齒
|
Shantou (Chenghai)
|
齒
|
Jieyang
|
齒
|
Haifeng
|
牙
|
Bangkok (Teochew)
|
齒
|
Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew)
|
牙
|
Johor Bahru (Teochew)
|
齒
|
Singapore (Teochew)
|
齒
|
Pontianak (Teochew)
|
牙
|
Leizhou
|
牙
|
Wenchang
|
牙
|
Haikou
|
齒
|
Singapore (Hainanese)
|
牙, 喙齒
|
Puxian Min
|
Putian
|
齒
|
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)
|
喙齒
|
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)
|
齒
|
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)
|
齒
|
Xianyou
|
齒, 喙齒
|
Xianyou (Fengting)
|
齒, 喙齒
|
Xianyou (Youyang)
|
齒, 喙齒
|
Zhongshan Min
|
Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)
|
牙
|
Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
牙齒
|
Shehua
|
Fu'an
|
牙
|
Fuding
|
牙
|
Luoyuan
|
牙
|
Sanming
|
牙
|
Shunchang
|
牙
|
Hua'an
|
牙
|
Waxiang
|
Guzhang (Gaofeng)
|
牙齒
|
Wu
|
Shanghai
|
牙子, 牙齒
|
Shanghai (Chongming)
|
牙齒
|
Suzhou
|
牙子
|
Wenzhou
|
牙齒, 牙
|
Jinhua
|
牙齒
|
Xiang
|
Changsha
|
牙齒
|
Loudi
|
牙齒
|
Shuangfeng
|
牙齒
|
Dialectal synonyms of
理 (“to be concerned with; to pay attention to”)
[map]
Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
理, 管, 睬, 理睬, 理會
|
Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
理, 搭理, 搭咯
|
Taiwan
|
理, 管
|
Singapore
|
理, 管
|
Jilu Mandarin
|
Jinan
|
理, 搭理
|
Central Plains Mandarin
|
Xi'an
|
招, 理
|
Southwestern Mandarin
|
Chengdu
|
理, 睬, 理視, 耳視, 張視
|
Wuhan
|
邇, 理, 睬
|
Guilin
|
理
|
Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Yangzhou
|
睬
|
Hefei
|
理, 睬
|
Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
睬, 理, 騷
|
Hong Kong
|
睬, 理, 騷
|
Yangjiang
|
理, 睬
|
Singapore (Guangfu)
|
理
|
Gan
|
Nanchang
|
理, 搭
|
Hakka
|
Meixian
|
睬, 唰
|
Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
理, 理睬
|
Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
理
|
Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
叕, 插
|
Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
插, 插趖, 插潲, 插管, 管待, 嘀厾, 理落
|
Quanzhou
|
插, 插趖, 插潲, 嘀厾
|
Zhangzhou
|
插, 插潲, 插管, 管待
|
Tainan
|
插, 管, 管待
|
Penang (Hokkien)
|
插潲
|
Singapore (Hokkien)
|
插, 插潲, 管, 插管, 甩
|
Manila (Hokkien)
|
插, 插潲, 管
|
Chaozhou
|
睬
|
Shantou
|
理
|
Jieyang
|
睬
|
Singapore (Teochew)
|
插
|
Zhongshan Min
|
Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)
|
理
|
Wu
|
Shanghai
|
睬, 理 rare
|
Suzhou
|
理, 睬
|
Wenzhou
|
朝, 理
|
Xiang
|
Changsha
|
齒
|
Shuangfeng
|
齒, 搭, 邇
|
Compounds
References
Japanese
Kanji
齒
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 歯)
- tooth
Readings
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 齒 (MC tsyhiX). Recorded as Middle Korean 치〯 (chǐ) (Yale: chi) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Wikisource
齒 (eumhun 이 치 (i chi))
- hanja form? of 치 (“tooth”)
Compounds
- 견치 (犬齒, gyeonchi)
- 구치 (臼齒, guchi)
- 문치 (門齒, munchi)
- 충치 (蟲齒, chungchi)
- 치과 (齒科, chigwa)
- 치수 (齒髓, chisu)
- 치실 (齒실, chisil)
- 치아 (齒牙, chia)
- 치약 (齒藥, chiyak)
- 치통 (齒痛, chitong)
- 칫솔 (齒솔, chitsol)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
Han character
齒: Hán Việt readings: xỉ (昌止切)[1][2][3]
齒: Nôm readings: xỉ[1][2][4], xỉa[1][3][5], xẻ[3]
- chữ Hán form of xỉ (“teeth”)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
- ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
- ^ Hồ (1976).