English

See also: english

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle English Englisch, English, Inglis, from Old English Englisċ (“of the Angles; English”), from Engle (“the Angles”), a Germanic tribe +‎ -isċ; equivalent to Engle +‎ -ish. Compare West Frisian Ingelsk, Scots Inglis (older ynglis), Dutch Engels, Danish engelsk, Old French Englesche (whence French anglais), German englisch, Spanish inglés, all ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ- (“narrow”) (compare Sanskrit अंहु (áṃhu, “narrow”), अंहस् (áṃhas, “anxiety, sin”), Latin angustus (“narrow”), Old Church Slavonic ѫзъкъ (ǫzŭkŭ, “narrow”)).

Pronunciation

Adjective

English (comparative more English, superlative most English)

  2. Of or pertaining to England.
  4. English-language; of or pertaining to the language, descended from Anglo-Saxon, which developed in England.
    Those immigrants Anglicised their names to make them sound more English.
    • 2020, Abi Daré, The Girl With The Louding Voice, Sceptre, page 187:
      Honest, honest, English is just a language of confusions.
  6. Of or pertaining to the people of England (e.g. Englishmen and Englishwomen).
    • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
      Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.
    • 2019 November 25, Peter C. Mancall, “Pilgrims survived until the first Thanksgiving thanks to an epidemic that devastated Native Americans”, in CNN‎[1]:
      These first English migrants to Jamestown endured terrible disease and arrived during a period of drought and colder-than-normal winters. The migrants to Roanoke on the outer banks of Carolina, where the English had gone in the 1580s, disappeared. And a brief effort to settle the coast of Maine in 1607 and 1608 failed because of an unusually bitter winter.
  8. Of or pertaining to the avoirdupois system of measure.
    an English ton
  10. (Amish) Non-Amish, so named for speaking English rather than a variety of German.
  12. (film, television) Denoting a vertical orientation of the barn doors on a camera.
    Coordinate term: Chinese

Synonyms

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Terms derived from English (adjective)

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

English (countable and uncountable, plural English or Englishes)

  2. (in the plural) The people of England, e.g., Englishmen and Englishwomen.
    • 1979, Stormont Mancroft, Bees in Some Bonnets, p. 175:
      Cricket—a game which the English, not being a spiritual people, have invented in order to give themselves some conception of eternity.
    The English and the ROTW have a long history of conflict, periodically interrupted for tea.
  4. (Amish, in the plural) The non-Amish, people outside the Amish faith and community.
  6. (uncountable) Facility with the English language, ability to employ English correctly and idiomatically.
    Sorry, my English isn't very good. I wish I had better English.
  7. (uncountable) A particular instance of the English language, including:
    1. The English term or expression for some thing or idea.
      What's the English for 'à peu près'? It depends: how is it being used?
    2. The English text or phrasing of some spoken or written communication.
      The specs are all correct, but the English in the instructions isn't as clear as it should be.
    3. A clear and readily understandable expression of some idea in English.
      Thank you, doctor. Now, please say that again in English.
      • 1994, Brannon Braga, Ronald D. Moore, “All Good Things...”, in Star Trek: The Next Generation, season 7, episodes 25-26, Brent Spiner and Gates McFadden (actors):
        Data: I have completed my analysis of the anomaly. It appears to be a multi-phasic temporal convergence in the space-time continuum.
        Dr. Crusher: In English, Data.
    4. Synonym of language arts, the class dedicated to improving primary and secondary school students' mastery of English and the material taught in such classes.
      I loved reading until 7th grade English.
      • 2018, Clarence Green, James Lambert, “Advancing disciplinary literacy through English for academic purposes: Discipline-specific wordlists, collocations and word families for eight secondary subjects”, in Journal of English for Academic Purposes, volume 35, →DOI, page 109:
        This reflects that in English, students learn a range of text types, such as procedures, editorials, poetry, and not just academic essays.
  9. (printing, dated) A size of type between pica (12 point) and great primer (18 point), standardized as 14-point.
  11. (uncountable, Canada, US) Alternative form of english.
    You are putting too much English on the ball.

Usage notes

  • The use of the plural form Englishes occurred in early modern English but is only seldom and exceptionally encountered in contemporary English. As with other collective demonyms, English is preceded by the definite article or some other determiner when referring to the people of England collectively.

Synonyms

Coordinate terms

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Proper noun

English (countable and uncountable, plural Englishes)

  2. The language that developed in England and is now spoken in the British Isles, the Commonwealth of Nations, North America, and many other parts of the world.
    Hyponyms: see Thesaurus:English language
    English is spoken here as an unofficial language and lingua franca.
    How do you say ‘à peu près’ in English?
    She speaks English, French, and German. English is her first language.
    English is a world language: it is widely used in dozens of countries and is studied in at least a hundred more.
    • 2020 December 4, Ligaya Mishan, “The Appealing and Potentially Lethal Delicacy That Is Fugu”, in The New York Times Style Magazine‎[2]:
      Westerners have never quite understood the reverence in Japan for fugu, alternately known in English as puffer fish, globefish or blowfish, of the family Tetraodontidae.
    • 2021 April 25, John Malathronas, “Which languages are easiest – and most difficult – for native English speakers to learn?”, in CNN‎[3]:
      Each written word when spoken is mutually incomprehensible between a Mandarin speaker in Beijing and a Cantonese speaker in Hong Kong. If you think that’s odd, consider our number system: the symbol “9” is universally recognized but it’s pronounced “nine” in English and “devet” in Slovenian.
  3. A variety, dialect, or idiolect of spoken and or written English.
    • 2003, Amy Tan, “Mother Tongue”, in The Opposite of Fate: Memories of a Writing Life, page 278:
      I began to write stories using all the Englishes I grew up with: the English I spoke to my mother, which for lack of a better term might be described as “simple”; the English she used with me, which for lack of a better term might be described as “broken”; my translation of her Chinese, which could certainly be described as “watered down”; and what I imagined to be her translation of her Chinese if she could speak in perfect English, her internal language, and for that I sought to preserve the essence, but neither an English nor a Chinese structure.
  4. English language, literature, composition as a subject of study
  5. An English surname originally denoting a non-Celtic or non-Danish person in Britain.
  6. A male or female given name.
  7. A number of places in the United States:
    1. A town, the county seat of Crawford County, Indiana; named for Indiana statesman William Hayden English.
    2. An unincorporated community in Carroll County, Kentucky.
    3. An unincorporated community in Brazoria County, Texas.
    4. An unincorporated community in Red River County, Texas.
    5. An unincorporated community in McDowell County, West Virginia.

Usage notes

(language spoken in British Isles, North America, etc.):

  • As with the names of almost all languages, English, when it means "the English language", does not usually require an article. Hence: "Say it in plain English!"

Hypernyms

(language spoken in British Isles, North America, etc.):

Meronyms

See also Thesaurus:English language

(language spoken in British Isles, North America, etc.):

(diachronic)

Derived terms

Terms derived from English (noun)

Descendants

  • → Cherokee: ᎩᎵᏏ (gilisi)
  • → Maori: Ingarihi
  • → Ukrainian: і́нгліш (ínhliš) (referring to the English language as a school subject)

Translations

Verb

English (third-person singular simple present Englishes, present participle Englishing, simple past and past participle Englished)

  2. (transitive; archaic or rare) To translate, adapt or render into English.
    • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:
      , page 214 (2001 reprint):
      […] severe prohibuit viris suis tum misceri feminas in consuetis suis menstruis, etc. I spare to English this which I have said.
    • 1901, The Speaker, the Liberal Review - Volume 3, page 654:
      Mamma is an adaptation of a French farce by Mr. Sydney Grundy, made in the time when his chief claim to recognition as a playwright lay in his ingenious aptitude for Englishing the un-Englishable.
    • 2011, Colin Cheney, 'Where Should I Start with Tomas Tranströmer?':
      Here, the poems are Englished by twelve different translators
  4. (transitive; archaic or rare) To make English; to claim for England.
    • 1880, Robert Browning, “Clive”, in Dramatic Idylls: Second Series‎[4], page 12, lines 7–8:
      While the man Clive—he fought Plassy, spoiled the clever foreign game,
      Conquered and annexed and Englished!

Derived terms

Terms derived from English (verb)

Derived terms

Terms derived from English (adjective and noun)

See also

Quotations

  • For quotations using this term, see Citations:English.

Further reading

Anagrams

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