minden
Dutch
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Verb
minden
- inflection of minnen:
- plural past indicative
- (dated or formal) plural past subjunctive
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmindɛn]
Audio: (file) - Hyphenation: min‧den
- Rhymes: -ɛn
Etymology 1
First attested in the early 13th century. Lexicalization of mind (“all”) + -en (suffix to form adverbs of manner or pronouns).[1]
Determiner
minden
- every (used with the noun in singular)
- Synonyms: mindegyik, minden egyes
Usage notes
It is currently used with the singular (like the term every in English). However, it occasionally occurs with the plural form in a handful of archaic structures: mindenekelőtt (“first of all”, literally “before everything”), minden oroszok cárja (“the Tsar of all the Russias”, literally “…of all Russians”), where the current standard form would have orosz, and minden világok legjobbika (“best of all worlds”), where the present-day standard form would have világ. See also the Usage notes at összes (“all”).
Derived terms
See also the terms derived from minden as a pronoun (below).
Pronoun
minden
- all, everything
- Megvettél mindent, amit akartál? ― Did you buy everything you wanted?
- construed with sok, több, mi, ennyi, annyi: thing (referring to numerous items together, possibly the totality of the set)
- Synonym: dolog
- Sok mindent tudnék mesélni. ― I could tell you about a lot of things.
Usage notes
When the pronoun mind (“all”) is the object, it is a definite object: mindet megnézem (“I’ll have a look at all [of them]”). On the other hand, the pronoun minden (“everything”) is indefinite as an object: mindent megnézek (“I’ll have a look at everything”).
Declension
- The plural forms are archaic.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | minden | mindenek |
| accusative | mindent | mindeneket |
| dative | mindennek | mindeneknek |
| instrumental | mindennel | mindenekkel |
| causal-final | mindenért | mindenekért |
| translative | mindenné | mindenekké |
| terminative | mindenig | mindenekig |
| essive-formal | mindenként | mindenekként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | mindenben | mindenekben |
| superessive | mindenen | mindeneken |
| adessive | mindennél | mindeneknél |
| illative | mindenbe | mindenekbe |
| sublative | mindenre | mindenekre |
| allative | mindenhez | mindenekhez |
| elative | mindenből | mindenekből |
| delative | mindenről | mindenekről |
| ablative | mindentől | mindenektől |
| non-attributive possessive – singular |
mindené | mindeneké |
| non-attributive possessive – plural |
mindenéi | mindenekéi |
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person sing. | mindenem | — |
| 2nd person sing. | mindened | — |
| 3rd person sing. | mindene | — |
| 1st person plural | mindenünk | — |
| 2nd person plural | mindenetek | — |
| 3rd person plural | mindenük | — |
Derived terms
See also the terms derived from minden as a determiner (above).
See also
1 Semhogy and semmint are conjunctions meaning “(rather) than”, “before” (as in inkább meghal, semhogy… ― he'll rather die than…).
2 Valamint is now only used in the sense of “as well as” in enumerations.
3 Mindeddig/-addig mean “up until this/that point” (= egészen eddig/addig).
Csak following relative pronouns expresses “-ever”, e.g. aki csak (“whoever”); is after “any” pronouns emphasizes “no matter”: akármit is (“no matter what”).
Etymology 2
mind (“all [of them]”) + -en (“on”, superessive suffix)
Pronoun
minden
- superessive singular of mind
- Sok jó viccet mondott, szinte minden nevettünk. ― S/he told a lot of good jokes; we laughed at almost all of them.
Etymology 3
mind (“all [of them]”) + -en (adverb-forming suffix)
Adverb
minden (not comparable)
- (dialectal) synonym of mindnyájan or mindannyian.
References
- ^ minden in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
- minden in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.