朝臣

朝臣

1. courtier (attendant at a royal court); minister

   • 如此者，非朝臣少也，眾不為用也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     如此者，非朝臣少也，众不为用也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Guanzi, 5^th century BCE to 220 CE

     Rúcǐ zhě, fēi cháochén shào yě, zhòng bù wèi yòng yě. [Pinyin]

     [When] matters are such, it is not that the courtiers are few; rather, they are many but of no use.

   • 慟哭關山月，傷心^鴨水風。朝臣今日後，尙可更西東？ [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]

     From: 《龍灣書事》, by King Seonjo of Korea, 1592

     Tonggok gwansan wol, sangsim Ap su pung. Josin geumil hu, sang ga gaeng seo dong? [Sino-Korean]

     Wailing at the moon by the mountains and passes, grieving by the winds of the Yalu—ministers, after today, can you still dispute over "West" and "East"?

• 廷臣 (tíngchén)

⟨aso₂mi₁⟩ → */asəmʲɨ/ → */asomʉ/ → /asoɴ/

Shift from asomi below, Old Japanese aso₂mi₁.^[1][2]

The alternative readings are later-period shifts of the ason spelling.^[1][2]

• (Tokyo) あそん [áꜜsòǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [a̠sõ̞ɴ]

朝(あそ)臣(ん) or 朝臣(あそう) or 朝臣(あっそん) • (ason or asō or asson) 

1. (historical) the second-highest of the 八色の姓 (Yakusa no Kabane, “eight hereditary titles promulgated by Emperor Tenmu”) [from 675 CE]
2. (historical) a title given to powerful courtiers and members of the imperial family up to the fourth rank [since the Heian period]

• 隆(たか)信(のぶ)朝臣(あそん)集(しゅう) (Takanobu Ason-shū)
• 名(な)朝臣(あそん) (na ason), 名(な)の朝臣(あそん) (na no ason)
• 名(な)乗(の)り朝臣(あそん) (nanori ason)

朝(あそ)臣(ん) • (ason) 

1. (archaic) second-person pronoun used as a form of mutual respect among courtiers, equivalent to あなた (anata) or 君 (kimi)

⟨asa omi₁⟩ → ⟨aso₂mi₁⟩ → */asəmʲɨ/ → /asomi/

From Old Japanese.

Orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 朝臣 (MC drjew dzyin), equivalent to 朝 (asa, kun-reading of chō, “court”) +‎ 臣 (omi, “attendant, retainer”).

• (Tokyo) あそみ [áꜜsòmì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [a̠so̞mʲi]

朝(あそ)臣(み) • (asomi) 

1. (historical) the second-highest of the 八色の姓 (Yakusa no Kabane, “eight hereditary titles promulgated by Emperor Tenmu”) [from 675 CE]
2. (historical) a title given to powerful courtiers and members of the imperial family up to the fourth rank [since the Heian period]

• 八色(やくさ)の姓(かばね) (Yakusa no Kabane): 真(ま)人(ひと) (mahito), 朝臣(あそみ) (asomi), 宿(すく)禰(ね) (sukune), 忌寸(いみき) (imiki), 道(みちの)師(し) (michinoshi), 臣(おみ) (omi), 連(むらじ) (muraji), 稲置(いなぎ) (inagi)

• 名(みょう)字(じ)朝臣(あそみ) (myōji asomi)

/teu ɕin/ → /t͡seuɕin/ → /t͡ɕoːɕin/

From Middle Chinese 朝臣 (MC drjew dzyin).

Compare modern Mandarin 朝臣 (cháochén).

• (Tokyo) ちょーしん [chòóshíń] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ːɕĩɴ]

朝(ちょう)臣(しん) • (chōshin) ^{←てうしん (teusin)?}

1. a courtier (attendant at a royal court)

   Synonym: 廷臣 (teishin)

• 朝(ちょう)廷(てい) (chōtei)

⟨asa omi₁⟩ → ⟨aso₂mi₁⟩

Orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 朝臣 (MC drjew dzyin), equivalent to 朝 (asa, kun-reading of teu, “court”) +‎ 臣 (omi₁, “attendant, retainer”).

朝臣 (aso₂mi₁) (kana あそみ)

1. (historical) the second-highest of the 八色の姓 (Yakusa no Kabane, “eight hereditary titles promulgated by Emperor Tenmu”)

• Japanese: 朝臣 (あそみ, asomi, あそん, ason)

Short-form of aso₂mi₁ above.

朝臣 (aso₂) (kana あそ)

1. (historical) the second-highest of the 八色の姓 (Yakusa no Kabane, “eight hereditary titles promulgated by Emperor Tenmu”)
   • 711–712, Kojiki, poem 71:

     多麻岐波流宇知能阿曾那許曾波余能那賀比登蘇良美都夜麻登能久迩爾加里古牟登岐久夜

     tama ki₁paru uti no₂ aso₂ na ko₂so₂ pa yo₂ no₂ nagapi₁to₂ so₁ra mi₁tu Yamato₂-no₂-kuni ni kari ko₁mu to₂ ki₁ku ya

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

• 内の朝臣 (uti no₂ aso₂, “minister of the interior”)