柱
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Translingual
Han character
柱 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木卜土 (DYG), four-corner 40914, composition ⿰木主)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 520, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14660
- Dae Jaweon: page 908, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1188, character 1
- Unihan data for U+67F1
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
柱 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (主) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *toʔ, *doʔ): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 主 (OC *tjoʔ).
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *duːŋ (“post; column”) (STEDT). Cognate with 拄 (OC *toʔ, “to support”), as well as Proto-Kuki-Chin *tuŋ-I, *tun-II (“to erect; post; vertical”), Proto-Central Naga *tuŋ (“stem; trunk; post; tree”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): qy5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): zu3
- Northern Min (KCR): tiū / cṳ̀
- Eastern Min (BUC): têu / cê̤ṳ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zy
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jy5 / jy4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
- Wade–Giles: chu4
- Yale: jù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
- Palladius: чжу (čžu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zu4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zu
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡su²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cyu5
- Yale: chyúh
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsy5
- Guangdong Romanization: qu5
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰyː¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: cui4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰui²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhû
- Hakka Romanization System: cuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cu1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: cu1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu⁴⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tiū / cṳ̀
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰiu⁵⁵/, /t͡sy⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
Note:
- tiū - vernacular;
- cṳ̀ - literary.
Note:
- têu - vernacular;
- cê̤ṳ - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiāu
- Tâi-lô: thiāu
- Phofsit Daibuun: tiau
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /tʰiau²²/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰiau³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiǎu
- Tâi-lô: thiǎu
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiau²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tū
- Tâi-lô: tū
- Phofsit Daibuun: du
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tu³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tu²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǔ
- Tâi-lô: tǔ
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tu²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chū
- Tâi-lô: tsū
- Phofsit Daibuun: zu
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡su³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡su²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǔ
- Tâi-lô: tsǔ
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡su²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
Note:
- thiāu/thiǎu - vernacular;
- tū/tǔ, chū/chǔ - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: tiao6 / tiou6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiău / thiŏu
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰiau³⁵/, /tʰiou³⁵/
Note:
- tiao6 - Shantou;
- tiou6 - Chaozhou.
Note:
- jy5 - vernacular;
- jy4 - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: drjuX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-t<r>oʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*doʔ/
Definitions
柱
- pillar; post; column (Classifier: 條／条 c)
- column-shaped thing
- (music) bridge (on a string instrument, such as a guzheng)
- (Hong Kong Cantonese) flats of the same layout on different floors
- 2017 January 21, “柏傲灣400伙即日沽清”, in 文匯報 [Wen Wei Po][2], page A06:
- 昨日推售單位中，2B座的A、C及F室「三柱」的一房及兩房間隔率先沽清。 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
- zok6 jat6 teoi1 sau6 daan1 wai6-2 zung1, ji6 bi1 zo6 dik1 ei1, si1 kap6 ef1 sat1 “saam1 cyu5” dik1 jat1 fong4-2 kap6 loeng5 fong4-2 gaan3 gaak3 seot1 sin1 gu1 cing1. [Jyutping]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
昨日推售单位中，2B座的A、C及F室「三柱」的一房及两房间隔率先沽清。 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to stand tall and erect
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) stiff
- a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 柱子 (“pillar; column”) [map]
Compounds
- 一拳柱定
- 一柱
- 一柱承天
- 一柱擎天
- 一柱觀 / 一柱观
- 三柱
- 上柱國 / 上柱国
- 三柱里
- 三角柱 (sānjiǎozhù)
- 世柱國 / 世柱国
- 中流底柱
- 中流砥柱 (zhōngliúdǐzhù)
- 丹柱
- 乳柱
- 井柱狀圖 / 井柱状图
- 五行四柱
- 交午柱
- 仙人柱
- 促柱
- 倚柱
- 偷梁換柱 (tōuliánghuànzhù)
- 傾柱 / 倾柱
- 光柱
- 光柱子
- 兩柱錢 / 两柱钱
- 八柱
- 八柱國 / 八柱国
- 六合柱
- 冰柱 (bīngzhù)
- 冰溜柱
- 冰絃玉柱 / 冰弦玉柱
- 刹柱
- 剎柱 / 刹柱
- 危柱
- 厎柱
- 合柱
- 周柱下
- 周柱史
- 品柱 (pǐnzhù)
- 四柱
- 四柱冊 / 四柱册
- 圓柱 / 圆柱 (yuánzhù)
- 圓柱體 / 圆柱体 (yuánzhùtǐ)
- 地柱
- 埋杆豎柱
- 埋輪破柱 / 埋轮破柱
- 大柱史
- 天柱
- 寶柱 / 宝柱
- 將軍柱 / 将军柱
- 尾生抱柱
- 帆柱 (fānzhù)
- 幕柱
- 底柱 (dǐzhù)
- 庭柱 (tíngzhù)
- 弦柱
- 強自取柱 / 强自取柱
- 影柱
- 戧柱 / 戗柱
- 抱柱
- 抱柱信
- 抱柱對 / 抱柱对
- 抽梁換柱
- 掛柱 / 挂柱
- 搘柱
- 摶柱乘梁
- 撫梁易柱
- 撑腸柱腹
- 擎天之柱
- 擎天柱
- 擎天玉柱
- 擊柱 / 击柱
- 攀尾柱
- 支柱 (zhīzhù)
- 改柱張絃 / 改柱张弦
- 改梁換柱
- 文深之柱
- 晷柱
- 景柱
- 望柱
- 束椽為柱 / 束椽为柱
- 枝柱
- 柱下
- 柱下史
- 柱卷
- 柱史
- 柱國 / 柱国
- 柱壯 / 柱壮
- 柱夫
- 柱子 (zhùzi, “column, pillar”)
- 柱小傾大 / 柱小倾大
- 柱州
- 柱工
- 柱帖
- 柱幹 / 柱干
- 柱廊
- 柱後 / 柱后
- 柱後史 / 柱后史
- 柱後惠文 / 柱后惠文
- 柱徹 / 柱彻
- 柱斧
- 柱根
- 柱桷
- 柱梁
- 柱棟 / 柱栋
- 柱楣
- 柱極 / 柱极
- 柱然
- 柱石 (zhùshí)
- 柱石之寄
- 柱石之臣
- 柱石臣
- 柱礎 / 柱础
- 柱科
- 柱腳 / 柱脚
- 柱臣
- 柱衣
- 柱質 / 柱质
- 柱頂石 / 柱顶石
- 柱頭 / 柱头 (zhùtóu)
- 梁柱 (liángzhù)
- 梓柱
- 楯柱
- 椽柱
- 楹柱
- 楗柱
- 榰柱
- 樘柱
- 標柱 / 标柱
- 樁柱 / 桩柱 (zhuāngzhù)
- 檐柱 (yánzhù)
- 欑柱 / 𪴙柱
- 水柱 (shuǐzhù)
- 水銀柱 / 水银柱 (shuǐyínzhù)
- 江柱
- 江珧柱 (jiāngyáozhù)
- 江瑤柱 / 江瑶柱 (jiāngyáozhù)
- 沙柱
- 浮柱
- 海柱
- 海蝕柱 / 海蚀柱
- 溪州銅柱 / 溪州铜柱
- 滉柱
- 火柱
- 煙柱 / 烟柱 (yānzhù)
- 玉柱
- 玉柱擎天
- 玫柱
- 玫瑰柱
- 珠柱
- 琴柱
- 瑤柱 / 瑶柱 (yáozhù)
- 瓊柱 / 琼柱
- 疏柱
- 百達柱 / 百达柱
- 盾柱 (dùnzhù)
- 短柱體 / 短柱体
- 石柱 (shízhù)
- 砥柱 (dǐzhù)
- 破柱
- 砥柱中流
- 破柱求姦 / 破柱求奸
- 礎柱 / 础柱
- 礦柱 / 矿柱
- 秦柱
- 稜柱體 / 棱柱体 (léngzhùtǐ)
- 筆柱 / 笔柱
- 箏柱 / 筝柱
- 絞柱 / 绞柱
- 綠柱玉 / 绿柱玉
- 綠柱石 / 绿柱石 (lǜzhùshí)
- 翦屏柱楣
- 肉柱
- 脊柱 (jǐzhù)
- 膏柱
- 膠柱 / 胶柱
- 膠柱調瑟 / 胶柱调瑟
- 膠柱鼓瑟 / 胶柱鼓瑟 (jiāozhùgǔsè)
- 臺柱 / 台柱 (táizhù)
- 花柱
- 虯柱 / 虬柱
- 蛤柱
- 螭頭柱 / 螭头柱
- 角柱 (jiǎozhù)
- 豎柱上梁
- 貝柱 / 贝柱
- 財柱 / 财柱
- 躉柱 / 趸柱
- 都柱
- 金柱
- 金雞柱 / 金鸡柱
- 銅柱 / 铜柱
- 鐵柱 / 铁柱
- 鐵柱宮 / 铁柱宫
- 鑿柱取書 / 凿柱取书
- 雁柱
- 雕柱
- 雕梁畫柱
- 雙柱 / 双柱
- 電柱 / 电柱
- 電燈柱 / 电灯柱 (diàndēngzhù)
- 露柱
- 音柱 (yīnzhù)
- 頂柱子 / 顶柱子
- 頂梁柱 (dǐngliángzhù)
- 題柱 / 题柱
- 題柱客 / 题柱客
- 題柱志 / 题柱志
- 題橋柱 / 题桥柱
- 題漢柱 / 题汉柱
- 飛柱 / 飞柱
- 馬援柱 / 马援柱
- 馬柱 / 马柱
- 馬甲柱 / 马甲柱
- 鳳凰柱 / 凤凰柱
- 鳳絲雁柱 / 凤丝雁柱
- 鵾柱 / 鹍柱
- 鶴柱 / 鹤柱
- 鼇柱 / 鳌柱
- 鼻柱
- 鼻無梁柱
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “same word as 拄?”)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhǔ
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhǔ
- Wade–Giles: chu3
- Yale: jǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juu
- Palladius: чжу (čžu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
- Wade–Giles: chu4
- Yale: jù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
- Palladius: чжу (čžu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: trjuX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*toʔ/
Definitions
柱
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to support; to lean on
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to block; to obstruct
Compounds
- 功均柱地
- 撐天柱地 / 撑天柱地
- 柱地
- 柱天
- 柱天踏地
- 柱持
- 柱杖
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhǔ
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhǔ
- Wade–Giles: chu3
- Yale: jǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juu
- Palladius: чжу (čžu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: trjuX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*toʔ/
Definitions
柱
- only used in 柱夫
Japanese
| Shinjitai | 柱 | |
| Kyūjitai [1][2][3] |
柱󠄁 柱+ 󠄁?(Adobe-Japan1) |
|
| 柱󠄃 柱+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Kanji
柱
Readings
- Go-on: じゅう (jū)←ぢゆう (dyuu, historical)
- Kan-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)←ちゆう (tyuu, historical)
- Kun: はしら (hashira, 柱, Jōyō)←はしら (fasira, 柱, historical)、ことじ (kotoji)、ささえる (sasaeru)
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 柱 |
| はしら Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pasira or *parira. Cognate with Okinawan 柱 (hāya).
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) はしら [hàshíráꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[4][5]
- (Tokyo) はしら [hàshírá] (Heiban – [0])[4][5]
- IPA(key): [ha̠ɕiɾa̠]
Noun
柱 • (hashira)
Derived terms
Counter
柱 • (-hashira)
- gods, spirits, worshipped entity.
- spirit tablets, cremation remains.
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 柱 |
| ちゅう Grade: 3 |
| kan'on |
Suffix
Derived terms
- 円柱 (enchū, “cylinder”)
- 角柱 (kakuchū, “polygonal prism”)
- 三角柱 (sankakuchū, “triangular prism”)
- 反角柱 (hankakuchū)
References
- ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “柱”, in 字通 (Jitsū)[1] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
- ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, , page 1122 (paper), page 612 (digital)
- ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, , page 677 (paper), page 351 (digital)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 柱 (MC drjuX). Recorded as Middle Korean 듀〮 (tywú) (Yale: tyu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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