神州

Chinese

		God; unusual; mysterious God; unusual; mysterious; soul; spirit; divine essence; lively; spiritual being	province; prefecture; state province; prefecture; state; county
trad. (神州)		神	州
simp. ^#(神州)		神	州

Etymology

See 赤縣神州／赤县神州 (Chìxiàn Shénzhōu).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shénzhōu

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄣˊ ㄓㄡ
Cantonese (Jyutping): san⁴ zau¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Sṳ̀n-chû
Eastern Min (BUC): Sìng-cĭu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Sîn-chiu

(Teochew, Peng'im): sêng⁵ ziu¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zen-tseu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shénzhōu
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˊ ㄓㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shénjhou
  - Wade–Giles: shên²-chou¹
  - Yale: shén-jōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shernjou
  - Palladius: шэньчжоу (šɛnʹčžou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: san⁴ zau¹
  - Yale: sàhn jāu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: san⁴ dzau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sen⁴ zeo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sṳ̀n-chû
  - Hakka Romanization System: siin^ˇ zu^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sin² zu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹ t͡su²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Sìng-cĭu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(t͡s-)ʒieu⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sîn-chiu
  - Tâi-lô: Sîn-tsiu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sinciw
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sin²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sin²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sêng⁵ ziu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sêng tsiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/

Note: Jieyang.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zen-tseu
  - MiniDict: zen^去 tseu
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zen-tseu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: zyin tsyuw

Rime
Character	神	州
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	船 (27)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	食鄰切	職流切
Baxter	zyin	tsyuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑiɪn/	/t͡ɕɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑin/	/t͡ɕiu/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑjen/	/t͡ɕiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑin/	/cuw/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑiĕn/	/t͡ɕiu/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭĕn/	/t͡ɕĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/	/t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shén	zhōu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	san⁴	zau¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.li[n] tu/

(Zhengzhang): /*hlin tju/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	神	州
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shén	zhōu
Middle Chinese	‹ zyin ›	‹ tsyuw ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.li[n]/	/*tu/
English	spirit	islet in stream; province
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	神	州
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11245	17493
Phonetic component	申	州
Rime group	眞	幽
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	神	周
Old Chinese	/*hlin/	/*tju/

Proper noun

神州

(literary) the Divine Land (Central Plain or China)
- 唯王丞相愀然變色曰：「當共戮力王室，克復神州，何至作楚囚相對！」 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  唯王丞相愀然变色曰：「当共戮力王室，克复神州，何至作楚囚相对！」 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5^th century CE
  Wéi Wáng chéngxiàng qiǎorán biànsè yuē: “Dāng gòng lùlì wángshì, kèfù Shénzhōu, hé zhì zuò Chǔqiú xiàngduì!” [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 何處望神州？滿眼風光北固樓。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  何处望神州？满眼风光北固楼。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: c. 1205, Xin Qiji (辛棄疾), 南鄉子·登京口北固亭有懷
  Héchù wàng Shénzhōu? Mǎnyǎn fēngguāng Běigùlóu. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 神州只在闌干北，度度來時怕上樓。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  神州只在阑干北，度度来时怕上楼。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: c. 1217, 劉克莊, 冶城
  Shénzhōu zhǐ zài lángān běi, dù dù lái shí pà shàng lóu. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

edit

中 (abbreviation)
中共 (Zhōnggòng) (Taiwan, derogatory)
中共國 / 中共国 (zhōnggòngguó) (derogatory)
中原 (Zhōngyuán)
中國 / 中国 (Zhōngguó)
中華 / 中华 (Zhōnghuá)
九州 (Jiǔzhōu) (literary)
唐山 (Tángshān)
域中 (yùzhōng) (literary, figurative)
大朝 (archaic)
天下 (tiānxià) (lofty)
天朝 (Tiāncháo) (historical or Internet slang)
契弟 (qìdì) (Hong Kong, Internet slang, derogatory)
德祐 (Déyòu) (Myanmar)
支那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete, now usually derogatory or offensive)
桃花石 (Táohuāshí) (obsolete)
牆國 / 墙国 (qiángguó) (Taiwan, derogatory, sarcastic)
猜拿 (Cāiná) (transliteration of English China)
祖國 / 祖国 (zǔguó)
神土 (historical)
神州 (Shénzhōu) (literary)
種花家 / 种花家 (Zhònghuājiā) (slang, humorous)
終國 / 终国 (derogatory)
脂那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete)
至那 (Zhìnà) (obsolete)
華 / 华 (abbreviation)
華夏 / 华夏 (Huáxià)
虫國 (chóngguó) (Hong Kong, offensive, Internet slang)
蚛蟈 / 蚛蝈 (Hong Kong, offensive, Internet slang)
諸夏 / 诸夏 (Zhūxià)
諸華 / 诸华 (Zhūhuá)
貴支 / 贵支 (guìzhī) (Mainland China, Internet slang, neologism, derogatory, sarcastic, offensive)
贏國 / 赢国 (Hong Kong, humorous, derogatory, sarcastic)
赤縣 / 赤县 (Chìxiàn) (literary)
赤縣神州 / 赤县神州 (Chìxiàn Shénzhōu) (literary)
震旦 (Zhèndàn) (archaic)

Noun

神州

(literary) capital city (of a country)

Synonyms

edit

上國 / 上国 (shàngguó) (literary)
京城 (jīngchéng) (literary)
京師 / 京师 (jīngshī) (literary)
京華 / 京华 (jīnghuá) (literary)
京邑 (jīngyì) (literary)
京都 (jīngdū) (literary)
國家 / 国家 (guójiā) (Classical Chinese)
國都 / 国都 (guódū)
帝都 (dìdū) (imperial capital)
王京 (wángjīng) (literary, royal capital)
王都 (wángdū) (formal, royal capital)
皇州 (huángzhōu) (literary, imperial capital)
都城 (dūchéng)
都邑 (dūyì) (literary)
都門 / 都门 (dūmén) (literary)
鎬京 / 镐京 (hàojīng) (literary)
長安 / 长安 (cháng'ān) (literary, figurative)
首都 (shǒudū)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
神	州
しん Grade: 3	しゅう Grade: 3
kan'on

Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɕĩɰ̃ɕɨː]

Proper noun

神(しん)州(しゅう) • (Shinshū)

land of the gods; Japan; China
Synonym: 神国 (Shinkoku)

神(しん)州(しゅう)不(ふ)滅(めつ)
Shinshū Fumetsu
Immortal Country of Gods (World War II propaganda slogan)

Usage notes

During the twentieth century, especially from the Russo-Japanese War (1904) through World War II (1945), the term was frequently used to refer to Japan in patriotic or propaganda messages. In earlier centuries, it was sometimes used to refer to China or to Japan. Use of the term is associated both with Emperor worship and with Shintoism.