京師
See also: 京师
Chinese
| capital | capital | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (京師) | 京 | 師 | |
| simp. (京师) | 京 | 师 | |
Etymology
According to Gongyang Zhuan, Duke Huan's 9th year:
- 京師者何?天子之居也。京者何?大也。師者何?眾也。天子之居,必以眾大之辭言之。 [MSC, trad.]
- Jīngshī zhě hé? Tiānzǐ zhī jū yě. Jīng zhě hé? Dà yě. Shī zhě hé? Zhòng yě. Tiānzǐ zhī jū, bì yǐ zhòngdà zhī cí yán zhī. [Pinyin]
- What is jīngshī ("京師")? It's where the Son of Heaven dwells. What is jīng("京")? It means greatness ("大"). What is shī ("師")? It means the multitude ("眾"). Where the Son of Heaven dwells surely should be called by the diction for the multitude's greatness ("眾大").
京师者何?天子之居也。京者何?大也。师者何?众也。天子之居,必以众大之辞言之。 [MSC, simp.]
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jīngshī
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jingshih
- Wade–Giles: ching1-shih1
- Yale: jīng-shr̄
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingshy
- Palladius: цзинши (czinši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ging1 si1
- Yale: gīng sī
- Cantonese Pinyin: ging1 si1
- Guangdong Romanization: ging1 xi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɪŋ⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng-su
- Tâi-lô: king-su
- Phofsit Daibuun: kengsw
- IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Middle Chinese: kjaeng srij
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]raŋ srij/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kraŋ sri/
Noun
京師
- (literary) capital city; the capital
- 惠此京師、以綏四國。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Huì cǐ jīngshī, yǐ suī sìguó. [Pinyin]
- Let us cherish this capital, to secure the repose of the States in the four quarters.
惠此京师、以绥四国。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]- 篤公劉、逝彼百泉、瞻彼溥原。迺陟南岡、乃覯于京。京師之野、于時處處、于時廬旅、于時言言、于時語語。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Dǔ gōng liú, shì bǐ bǎi quán, zhān bǐ pǔ yuán. Nǎi zhì nán gāng, nǎi gòu yú jīng. Jīngshī zhī yě, yú shí chù chù, yú shí lú lǚ, yú shí yán yán, yú shí yǔ yǔ. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
笃公刘、逝彼百泉、瞻彼溥原。迺陟南冈、乃觏于京。京师之野、于时处处、于时庐旅、于时言言、于时语语。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
- 上國 / 上国 (shàngguó) (literary)
- 京城 (jīngchéng) (literary)
- 京華 / 京华 (jīnghuá) (literary)
- 京邑 (jīngyì) (literary)
- 京都 (jīngdū) (literary)
- 國家 / 国家 (guójiā) (Classical Chinese)
- 國都 / 国都 (guódū)
- 帝都 (dìdū) (imperial capital)
- 王京 (wángjīng) (literary, royal capital)
- 王都 (wángdū) (formal, royal capital)
- 皇州 (huángzhōu) (literary, imperial capital)
- 神州 (shénzhōu) (literary)
- 都城 (dūchéng)
- 都邑 (dūyì) (literary)
- 都門 / 都门 (dūmén) (literary)
- 鎬京 / 镐京 (hàojīng) (literary)
- 長安 / 长安 (cháng'ān) (literary, figurative)
- 首都 (shǒudū)