笙
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Translingual
Han character
笙 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹手一 (HHQM), four-corner 88104, composition ⿱𥫗生)
- a sheng; a hand-held free-reed mouth organ made from a dried gourd and 13 or more bamboo pipes
Derived characters
- 𪡾
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 879, character 29
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25913
- Dae Jaweon: page 1307, character 21
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2955, character 6
- Unihan data for U+7B19
Chinese
| trad. | 笙 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 笙 | |
Glyph origin
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 猜 | *sʰlɯː |
| 輤 | *sʰleːns |
| 綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
| 倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
| 棈 | *sʰleːns |
| 蒨 | *sʰeːns |
| 篟 | *sʰeːns |
| 生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
| 牲 | *sreŋ |
| 笙 | *sreŋ |
| 甥 | *sreŋ |
| 鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
| 珄 | *sreŋ |
| 鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
| 猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
| 狌 | *sreŋ |
| 眚 | *sreŋʔ |
| 貹 | *sreŋs |
| 崝 | *zreːŋ |
| 精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
| 菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
| 睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
| 箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 清 | *sʰleŋ |
| 圊 | *sʰleŋ |
| 請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 凊 | *sʰleŋs |
| 䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 靚 | *zleŋs |
| 情 | *zleŋ |
| 晴 | *zleŋ |
| 夝 | *zleŋ |
| 靜 | *zleŋʔ |
| 靖 | *zleŋʔ |
| 睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
| 性 | *sleŋs |
| 姓 | *sleŋs |
| 靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
| 鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 青 | *sʰleːŋ |
| 靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
| 掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
| 胜 | *sleːŋ |
| 曐 | *sleːŋ |
| 星 | *sleːŋ |
| 鮏 | *sleːŋ |
| 腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
| 鯹 | *seːŋ |
| 醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 篂 | *seːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sreŋ): semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mriŋ (“sound; noise; animal cry”); cognate with 鳴 (OC *mreŋ, “to make a sound”), 鈴 (OC *reːŋ, “bell”), Burmese မြည် (mrany, “to make a sound”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): saang1 / sang1
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): sĕng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1sen
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: shēng
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sheng
- Wade–Giles: shêng1
- Yale: shēng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheng
- Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: saang1 / sang1
- Yale: sāang / sāng
- Cantonese Pinyin: saang1 / sang1
- Guangdong Romanization: sang1 / seng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /saːŋ⁵⁵/, /sɐŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sên
- Hakka Romanization System: senˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sen1
- Sinological IPA: /sen²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: sên1
- Sinological IPA: /sɛn⁴⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng
- Tâi-lô: sng
- Phofsit Daibuun: sngf
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng
- Tâi-lô: sing
- Phofsit Daibuun: sefng
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: tsinn
- Phofsit Daibuun: cvy
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sĩ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: sêng1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: seng
- Sinological IPA (key): /seŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: sraeng
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*sreŋ/
Definitions
笙
- (music) sheng (a Chinese mouth-blown free reed instrument consisting of vertical pipes)
See also
- 樦 (zhù)
Compounds
Descendants
References
- “笙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: しょう (shō)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kan-on: そう (sō)←さう (sau, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: せい (sei)
- Kun: ふえ (fue, 笙)←ふえ (fue, 笙, historical)←ふ𛀁 (fuye, 笙, ancient)
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 笙 |
| しょう Jinmeiyō |
| goon |
/ɕau/ → /ɕɔː/ → /ɕoː/
From Middle Chinese 笙 (MC sraeng). The goon reading, so likely the original reading as first borrowed from Middle Chinese. Compare modern Mandarin 笙 (shēng).
The shō was developed from the Chinese shēng that was introduced to Japan during the Nara period.
Pronunciation
Noun
- a free-reed woodwind musical instrument used in Japanese court music, consisting of a mouthpiece and seventeen pipes, each similar to an organ pipe
- Synonym: 鳳管 (hōkan)
Derived terms
- 笙の笛 (shō no fue, “type of simplified sho used as a toy”)
- 笙歌 (shōka, “singing to a sho accompaniment; to sing to a sho accompaniment; song sung to a sho accompaniment”)
- 笙岩屋, 笙窟 (Shō no Iwaya, “cave and pilgrimage destination in central Nara Prefecture”)
- 鳳笙 (hōshō, “sho”)
Descendants
- → English: sho
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 笙 |
| そう Jinmeiyō |
| kan'on |
/sau/ → /sɔː/ → /soː/
From Middle Chinese 笙 (MC sraeng). The kan'on, so likely a historically later reading.
Compare modern Cantonese 笙 (saang1, sang1).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [so̞ː]
Noun
- (obsolete) a free-reed woodwind musical instrument consisting of a mouthpiece and seventeen pipes, each similar to an organ pipe
See also
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
笙 • (saeng) (hangeul 생, revised saeng, McCune–Reischauer saeng, Yale sayng)
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Compounds
Vietnamese
Han character
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