凊
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Translingual
Han character
凊 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈一手一月 (IMQMB), four-corner 35127, composition ⿰冫青(GHT) or ⿰冫靑(JK))
Derived characters
- 𠘒
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 132, character 42
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1666
- Dae Jaweon: page 296, character 30
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 298, character 1
- Unihan data for U+51CA
Chinese
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 猜 | *sʰlɯː |
| 輤 | *sʰleːns |
| 綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
| 倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
| 棈 | *sʰleːns |
| 蒨 | *sʰeːns |
| 篟 | *sʰeːns |
| 生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
| 牲 | *sreŋ |
| 笙 | *sreŋ |
| 甥 | *sreŋ |
| 鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
| 珄 | *sreŋ |
| 鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
| 猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
| 狌 | *sreŋ |
| 眚 | *sreŋʔ |
| 貹 | *sreŋs |
| 崝 | *zreːŋ |
| 精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
| 菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
| 睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
| 箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 清 | *sʰleŋ |
| 圊 | *sʰleŋ |
| 請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 凊 | *sʰleŋs |
| 䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 靚 | *zleŋs |
| 情 | *zleŋ |
| 晴 | *zleŋ |
| 夝 | *zleŋ |
| 靜 | *zleŋʔ |
| 靖 | *zleŋʔ |
| 睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
| 性 | *sleŋs |
| 姓 | *sleŋs |
| 靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
| 鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 青 | *sʰleːŋ |
| 靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
| 掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
| 胜 | *sleːŋ |
| 曐 | *sleːŋ |
| 星 | *sleːŋ |
| 鮏 | *sleːŋ |
| 腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
| 鯹 | *seːŋ |
| 醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 篂 | *seːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰleŋs): semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ).
Etymology 1
| trad. | 凊 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 凊 | |
| alternative forms | 㵾／𪷍 Min 𩇟 Min 𫥝 Min | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cing3 / zing6
- Northern Min (KCR): che̿ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): chéng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cing4
- Southern Min
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): cin4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qìng
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cìng
- Wade–Giles: chʻing4
- Yale: chìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chinq
- Palladius: цин (cin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cing3 / zing6
- Yale: ching / jihng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsing3 / dzing6
- Guangdong Romanization: qing3 / jing6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɪŋ³³/, /t͡sɪŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: che̿ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰeiŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cing4
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chi̍ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiŋ⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhìn
- Tâi-lô: tshìn
- Phofsit Daibuun: chixn
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰin⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰin¹¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /t͡sʰin²¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: cing3 / cêng3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshìng / tshèng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiŋ²¹³/, /t͡sʰeŋ²¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
Note:
- cing3 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
- cêng3 - Jieyang.
- Middle Chinese: tshjengH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]eŋ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleŋs/
Definitions
凊
- (Classical, dialectal Mandarin, Xiang, Min, Chuqu Wu) cool, cold
- 冬則輕煗，夏則輕凊，皆已具矣。必厚作斂於百姓，暴奪民衣食之財。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mozi, c. 4th century BCE
- Dōng zé qīng nuǎn, xià zé qīng qìng, jiē yǐ jù yǐ. Bì hòu zuò liǎn yú bǎixìng, bào duó mín yīshí zhī cái. [Pinyin]
- Having what is warm and light in winter and what is light and cool in summer, they would yet heavily tax the people, robbing them of their means of livelihood.
冬则轻暖，夏则轻凊，皆已具矣。必厚作敛于百姓，暴夺民衣食之财。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 冷 (“cold”) [map]
Compounds
- cdo, cpx, nan-hbl, 凊飯 / 凊饭 (cing3 bung7) (Teochew)
- cdo, 凊天 (Teochew)
- cpx, mnp, nan-hbl, 凊水 (Teochew)
- cpx, nan-hbl, 凊彩 (chhìn-chhái) (Teochew)
- cpx, 秋凊 (Min Nan)
- nan-xia, 凊凊仔笑 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 冬溫夏凊 / 冬温夏凊
- 冰凊 (Sichuanese)
- 凊凹 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 凊心 (chhìn-sim) (Min Nan)
- 凊心 (Hokkien)
- 凊汗 (Min)
- 凊痺 / 凊痹 (chéng-bé) (Eastern Min)
- 凊糜 (Hokkien)
- 凊膜 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
- 凊膜凹 (Hokkien)
- 凊面 (Hokkien)
- 半燒凊 / 半烧凊 (Hokkien)
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 凊 – see 清 (“clear; limpid; clean; unstained; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 清). |
References
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B00210
- “凊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
凊
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
凊 (eumhun 서늘할 청 (seoneulhal cheong))
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