龕

See also: 龛

龕	U+9F95, 龕 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F95

← 龔
[U+9F94]

CJK Unified Ideographs

龖 →
[U+9F96]

Translingual

Han character

龕 (Kangxi radical 212, 龍+6, 22 strokes, cangjie input 人口卜月心 (ORYBP), four-corner 8021₁, composition ⿱合龍)

Derived characters

㘛

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1537, character 16
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48839
Dae Jaweon: page 2078, character 12
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4805, character 16
Unihan data for U+9F95

Chinese

trad.		龕
simp.		龛
alternative forms		𪚕

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 龕
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (合) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
龕	*kʰuːm
媕	quːm, qromʔ, qɯːm, qramʔ, *qɯːb
頜	ɡuːmʔ, kuːb
答	*tkuːb
畣	*tkuːb
荅	*tkuːb
嗒	tuːb, tʰoːb
褡	tuːb, toːb
撘	*tuːb
搭	tuːb, tʰoːb
榙	tkuːb, ɡuːb
佮	tkʰuːb, kuːb, quːb, quːb
蛤	*kuːb
鴿	*kuːb
合	kuːb, ɡuːb
郃	kuːb, ɡuːb
匌	kuːb, kʰuːb
鉿	*kuːb
閤	*kuːb
鞈	kuːb, kruːb
韐	kuːb, kruːb
鮯	*kuːb
哈	*ŋɡuːb
姶	quːb, quːb
欱	qʰuːb, qʰruːb
盒	*ɡuːb
耠	*ɡuːb
詥	*ɡuːb
塔	*tʰuːb
鞳	*tʰoːb
劄	*rtuːb
跲	kruːb, kob, *ɡob
袷	kruːb, ŋkob
餄	*kruːb
恰	*kʰruːb
帢	*kʰruːb
洽	*ɡruːb
祫	*ɡruːb
珨	*ɡruːb
烚	*ɡruːb
歙	qʰjob, qʰrub
湁	*tkʰub
拾	*ɡjub
給	*krub
翕	*qʰrub
噏	*qʰrub
潝	*qʰrub
熻	*qʰrub
嬆	*qʰrub
翖	*qʰrub
闟	*qʰrub

Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰuːm): phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb) + semantic 龍.

Duan Yucai consider it a corrupted form of 𪚕: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰuːm): phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm) + semantic 龍.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kān (kan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ham¹ / am¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khâm

(Hailu, HRS): kam^ˋ
Eastern Min (BUC): kăng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kang¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kham

(Teochew, Peng'im): kam¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kān
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kan
  - Wade–Giles: kʻan¹
  - Yale: kān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kan
  - Palladius: кань (kanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ham¹ / am¹
  - Yale: hām / ām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ham¹ / am¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hem¹ / em¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm⁵⁵/, /ɐm⁵⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khâm
  - Hakka Romanization System: kam^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kam¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰam²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: kam^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰam⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kăng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: kang¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: kang¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaŋ⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kham
  - Tâi-lô: kham
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qafm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰam⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰam³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰam⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰam⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰam⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kam¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kham
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰam³³/

Middle Chinese: khom

Rime
Character	龕
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	口含切
Baxter	khom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌm/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəm/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəm/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀm/
Wang Li	/kʰɒm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰuːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	龕
Reading #	1/1
No.	4940
Phonetic component	合
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kʰuːm/

Definitions

龕

shrine; niche
alternative form of 戡 (“to overcome; to suppress”)

Compounds

上龕 / 上龛 (Shàngkān)
伊闕佛龕 / 伊阙佛龛
佛龕 / 佛龛 (fókān)
壁龕 / 壁龛 (bìkān)
神龕 / 神龛 (shénkān)
蓮龕 / 莲龛
骨灰龕 / 骨灰龛
龕位 / 龛位 (kānwèi)
龕像 / 龛像
龕場 / 龛场
龕子 / 龛子
龕山 / 龛山
龕影 / 龛影
龕燈 / 龛灯

References

“龕”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “龛”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 120.

Japanese

Kanji

龕

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

Go-on: こん (kon)
Kan-on: かん (kan)
Kan’yō-on: がん (gan)
Kun: ずし (zushi)、れい (rei)

Compounds

移龕(いがん) (igan)
開龕(かいがん) (kaigan)
龕像(がんぞう) (ganzō)
龕灯(がんどう) (gandō)
起龕(きがん) (kigan)
啓龕(けいがん) (keigan)
鎖龕(さがん) (sagan)
神龕(しんがん) (shingan)
石龕(せきがん) (sekigan)
入龕(にゅうがん) (nyūgan)
仏龕(ぶつがん) (butsugan)
壁龕(へきがん) (hekigan): niche
竜龕手鑑(りゅうがんしゅかん) (ryūganshukan)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
龕
がん Hyōgai
kan'yōon

From Middle Chinese 龕 (MC khom), later corrupted with voicing.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) がん [gáꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɡã̠ɴ]

Noun

龕(がん) • (gan)

alcove for an image

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

龕 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)

niche, shrine

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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