cear
Galician
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cẽar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin cēnāre (“to dine”). Cognate with Portuguese cear and Spanish cenar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /θeˈaɾ/, (western) /seˈaɾ/
Verb
cear (first-person singular present ceo, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado)
cear (first-person singular present ceio, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado, reintegrationist norm)
- to dine
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | cear | |||||
Personal | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearen |
Gerund | ||||||
ceando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | ceado | ceados | ||||
Feminine | ceada | ceadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | ceo | ceas | cea | ceamos | ceades | cean |
Imperfect | ceaba | ceabas | ceaba | ceabamos | ceabades | ceaban |
Preterite | ceei | ceaches | ceou | ceamos | ceastes | cearon |
Pluperfect | ceara | cearas | ceara | cearamos | cearades | cearan |
Future | cearei | cearás | ceará | cearemos | cearedes | cearán |
Conditional | cearía | cearías | cearía | ceariamos | ceariades | cearían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | cee | cees | cee | ceemos | ceedes | ceen |
Imperfect | cease | ceases | cease | ceásemos | ceásedes | ceasen |
Future | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearen |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | cea | cee | ceemos | ceade | ceen | |
Negative (non) | non cees | non cee | non ceemos | non ceedes | non ceen |
1Less recommended.
Related terms
Etymology 2
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cear, from Latin zelāre (“to be jealous of”). Cognate with Portuguese zelar and Spanish celar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /θeˈaɾ/, (western) /seˈaɾ/
Verb
cear (first-person singular present ceo, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado)
cear (first-person singular present ceio, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado, reintegrationist norm)
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | cear | |||||
Personal | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearen |
Gerund | ||||||
ceando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | ceado | ceados | ||||
Feminine | ceada | ceadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | ceo | ceas | cea | ceamos | ceades | cean |
Imperfect | ceaba | ceabas | ceaba | ceabamos | ceabades | ceaban |
Preterite | ceei | ceaches | ceou | ceamos | ceastes | cearon |
Pluperfect | ceara | cearas | ceara | cearamos | cearades | cearan |
Future | cearei | cearás | ceará | cearemos | cearedes | cearán |
Conditional | cearía | cearías | cearía | ceariamos | ceariades | cearían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | cee | cees | cee | ceemos | ceedes | ceen |
Imperfect | cease | ceases | cease | ceásemos | ceásedes | ceasen |
Future | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearen |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | cea | cee | ceemos | ceade | ceen | |
Negative (non) | non cees | non cee | non ceemos | non ceedes | non ceen |
1Less recommended.
Related terms
Etymology 3
Unknown. Cognate with Portuguese ciar, Spanish ciar, Old Occitan siar.[1]
Alternative forms
- ciar, zuiar, zuír
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /seˈaɾ/
Verb
cear (first-person singular present ceo, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado)
cear (first-person singular present ceio, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado, reintegrationist norm)
- (nautical) to go astern; to backwater
- to recede; to go backwards
- 1807, anonymous author, Primeiro diálogo dos esterqueiros:
- A cada berro que daba
ibame seando atrás
p[o]r se acaso me encaixaba
un sopapo da sua man:- For each shout he gave
I was moving back
in case he encased me
an uppercut of his hand
- For each shout he gave
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | cear | |||||
Personal | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearen |
Gerund | ||||||
ceando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | ceado | ceados | ||||
Feminine | ceada | ceadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | ceo | ceas | cea | ceamos | ceades | cean |
Imperfect | ceaba | ceabas | ceaba | ceabamos | ceabades | ceaban |
Preterite | ceei | ceaches | ceou | ceamos | ceastes | cearon |
Pluperfect | ceara | cearas | ceara | cearamos | cearades | cearan |
Future | cearei | cearás | ceará | cearemos | cearedes | cearán |
Conditional | cearía | cearías | cearía | ceariamos | ceariades | cearían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | cee | cees | cee | ceemos | ceedes | ceen |
Imperfect | cease | ceases | cease | ceásemos | ceásedes | ceasen |
Future | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearen |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | cea | cee | ceemos | ceade | ceen | |
Negative (non) | non cees | non cee | non ceemos | non ceedes | non ceen |
1Less recommended.
Derived terms
References
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “cear”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “cear”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “cear”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “cear”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “cear”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
- ^ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “ciar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Old Galician-Portuguese
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -aɾ
Etymology 1
Inherited from Latin zelāre (“to be jealous of”)
Verb
cear
- to be jealous of
Conjugation
infinitive | cear | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | simple | ceando | |||||||
compound | gerund of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
past participle | singular | plural | |||||||
masculine | ceado | ceados | |||||||
feminine | ceada | ceadas | |||||||
present participle | ceante | ceantes | |||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative mood | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
simple tenses |
present | ceio1, ceo2 | ceias1, ceas2 | ceia1, cea2 | ceamos | ceades | ceian | ||
imperfect | ceava | ceavas | ceava | ceavamos, ceávamos | ceavades, ceávades | ceavan | |||
preterite | ceei | ceaste, ceasche, ceache | ceou | ceamos | ceastes | cearon | |||
pluperfect | ceara | cearas | ceara | cearamos, ceáramos | cearades, ceárades | cearan | |||
future | cearei | cearás | ceará | cearemos | cearedes | cearán | |||
conditional | cearia | cearias | cearia | ceariamos, cearíamos | ceariades, cearíades | cearian | |||
compound tenses |
present perfect | present of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | |||||||
pluperfect | imperfect of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
past anterior | preterite of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
pluperfect anterior | simple pluperfect of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
future perfect | future of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
subjunctive mood | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
simple tenses |
present | ceie1, cee2 | ceies1, cees2 | ceie1, cee2 | ceemos | ceedes | ceien | ||
imperfect | ceasse | ceasses | ceasse | ceassemos, ceássemos | ceassedes, ceássedes | ceassen | |||
future | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearen | |||
compound tenses |
present perfect | present subjunctive of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | |||||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
future perfect | future subjunctive of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
imperative mood | — | tu | — | nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
— | |||
affirmative | — | ceia1, cea2 | — | ceemos | ceade | — | |||
negative | — | non ceies1, non cees2 | — | non ceemos | non ceedes | — | |||
personal infinitive | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearen | ||||
1 teer and “ter were also used, although all three were less common than haver. |
Descendants
- Galician: cear
Further reading
Etymology 2
Verb
cear
- alternative form of cẽar (“to dine”)
Conjugation
infinitive | cear | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | simple | ceando | |||||||
compound | gerund of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
past participle | singular | plural | |||||||
masculine | ceado | ceados | |||||||
feminine | ceada | ceadas | |||||||
present participle | ceante | ceantes | |||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative mood | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
simple tenses |
present | ceio1, ceo2 | ceias1, ceas2 | ceia1, cea2 | ceamos | ceades | ceian | ||
imperfect | ceava | ceavas | ceava | ceavamos, ceávamos | ceavades, ceávades | ceavan | |||
preterite | ceei | ceaste, ceasche, ceache | ceou | ceamos | ceastes | cearon | |||
pluperfect | ceara | cearas | ceara | cearamos, ceáramos | cearades, ceárades | cearan | |||
future | cearei | cearás | ceará | cearemos | cearedes | cearán | |||
conditional | cearia | cearias | cearia | ceariamos, cearíamos | ceariades, cearíades | cearian | |||
compound tenses |
present perfect | present of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | |||||||
pluperfect | imperfect of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
past anterior | preterite of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
pluperfect anterior | simple pluperfect of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
future perfect | future of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
subjunctive mood | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
simple tenses |
present | ceie1, cee2 | ceies1, cees2 | ceie1, cee2 | ceemos | ceedes | ceien | ||
imperfect | ceasse | ceasses | ceasse | ceassemos, ceássemos | ceassedes, ceássedes | ceassen | |||
future | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearen | |||
compound tenses |
present perfect | present subjunctive of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | |||||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
future perfect | future subjunctive of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
imperative mood | — | tu | — | nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
— | |||
affirmative | — | ceia1, cea2 | — | ceemos | ceade | — | |||
negative | — | non ceies1, non cees2 | — | non ceemos | non ceedes | — | |||
personal infinitive | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearen | ||||
1 teer and “ter were also used, although all three were less common than haver. |
Portuguese
Etymology
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cẽar, from Latin cēnāre (“to dine”). Cognate with Galician cear, Spanish cenar and Italian cenare.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /seˈa(ʁ)/ [seˈa(h)], /siˈa(ʁ)/ [sɪˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈsja(ʁ)/ [ˈsja(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /seˈa(ɾ)/, /siˈa(ɾ)/ [sɪˈa(ɾ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈsja(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /seˈa(ʁ)/ [seˈa(χ)], /siˈa(ʁ)/ [sɪˈa(χ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈsja(ʁ)/ [ˈsja(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /seˈa(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈsjaɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈsja.ɾi/
Verb
cear (first-person singular present ceio, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado)
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | cear | |||||
Personal | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearem |
Gerund | ||||||
ceando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | ceado | ceados | ||||
Feminine | ceada | ceadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | ceio | ceias | ceia | ceamos | ceais | ceiam |
Imperfect | ceava | ceavas | ceava | ceávamos | ceáveis | ceavam |
Preterite | ceei | ceaste | ceou | ceamos1, ceámos2 | ceastes | cearam |
Pluperfect | ceara | cearas | ceara | ceáramos | ceáreis | cearam |
Future | cearei | cearás | ceará | cearemos | ceareis | cearão |
Conditional | cearia | cearias | cearia | cearíamos | cearíeis | ceariam |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | ceie | ceies | ceie | ceemos | ceeis | ceiem |
Imperfect | ceasse | ceasses | ceasse | ceássemos | ceásseis | ceassem |
Future | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | ceia | ceie | ceemos | ceai | ceiem | |
Negative (não) | não ceies | não ceie | não ceemos | não ceeis | não ceiem |
1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.