Swahili
Etymology 1
Verb
-wako (infinitive kuwako)
- to be (at an indefinite/nonspecific place)
Eliud yuko Kenya.- Eliud is in Kenya.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -wako (irregular)
|
| Gnomic
|
-ko (irregular)
|
| Subjunctive
|
-weko
|
| Negative
|
-ko (irregular)
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuwako
|
| Negative
|
kutokuwako
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huwako/huwa
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likuwako/-likuwa
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuwako/-kuwa
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -ko)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
niko
|
tuko
|
| 2nd person
|
uko
|
mko
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
yuko
|
wako
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -ko
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -ko)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
siko
|
hatuko
|
| 2nd person
|
huko
|
hamko
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa
|
hayuko
|
hawako
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -ko
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takuwako/-takuwa
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takuwako/-takuwa
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -weko)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
niweko
|
tuweko
|
| 2nd person
|
uweko
|
muweko
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aweko
|
waweko
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -weko
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -siweko
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekuwako/-ngekuwa
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekuwako/-singekuwa
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikuwako/-ngalikuwa
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikuwako/-singalikuwa
|
| Gnomic
|
see positive present
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekuwako/-mekuwa
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakuwako/-meshakuwa
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jawako/-jawa
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kiwako/-kiwa
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokuwako/-sipokuwa
|
| Consecutive
|
kawako/kawa / positive subject concord + -kawako/-kawa
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kaweko
|
| Object concord
|
—
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + -li- + relative marker + -ko)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-liyeko
|
-lioko
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-lioko
|
-liyoko
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-liloko
|
-liyoko
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-lichoko
|
-livyoko
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-liyoko
|
-lizoko
|
| u(XI)
|
-lioko
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
|
| General negative (positive subject concord + -si- + relative marker + -ko)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-siyeko
|
-sioko
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-sioko
|
-siyoko
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-siloko
|
-siyoko
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-sichoko
|
-sivyoko
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-siyoko
|
-sizoko
|
| u(XI)
|
-sioko
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker[sw-conj 1] + relative marker + -kuwako/-kuwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekuwako/-yekuwa
|
-okuwako/-okuwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okuwako/-okuwa
|
-yokuwako/-yokuwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokuwako/-lokuwa
|
-yokuwako/-yokuwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokuwako/-chokuwa
|
-vyokuwako/-vyokuwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokuwako/-yokuwa
|
-zokuwako/-zokuwa
|
| u(XI)
|
-okuwako/-okuwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
|
- ^ Only past tense -li- or future tense -taka-. For the present, use general positive.
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
See also
- -wamo (“to be inside (of a definite place)”)
- -wapo (“to be (at a definite place)”)
Verb
wako
- third-person plural of -wako (“they are (around there)”)
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Adjective
wako
- m class(I)/m class(III)/u class(XI) inflected form of -ako
- wa class(II) inflected form of -ako
Verb
wako
- third-person plural (wa class(II)) positive degree present of -wako (“they are (around there)”)
Ternate
Pronunciation
Verb
wako
- (transitive) to turn, rotate
Conjugation
Conjugation of wako
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| inclusive
|
exclusive
|
| 1st person
|
towako
|
fowako
|
miwako
|
| 2nd person
|
nowako
|
niwako
|
3rd
person
|
masculine
|
owako
|
iwako
yowako (archaic)
|
| feminine
|
mowako
|
| neuter
|
iwako
|
References
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
West Makian
Pronunciation
Verb
wako
- (transitive) to throw
Conjugation
Conjugation of wako (action verb)
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| inclusive
|
exclusive
|
| 1st person
|
tawako
|
mawako
|
awako
|
| 2nd person
|
nawako
|
fawako
|
| 3rd person
|
inanimate
|
iwako
|
dawako
|
| animate
|
| imperative
|
nawako, wako
|
fawako, wako
|
References
- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[1], Pacific linguistics