肩
| ||||||||
Translingual
| Japanese | 肩 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 肩 |
| Traditional | 肩 |
Alternative forms
The form differs between traditional Chinese, simplified Chinese, and Japanese shinjitai, as depicted at right. These are represented by the same Unicode code point; see Han unification.
- Traditional Han: Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 月 + 戶; the body's gate.
- Simplified Han: Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 月 + 户.
- Japanese: Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 月 + 戸.
Han character
肩 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸月 (HSB) or 戈尸月 (ISB), four-corner 30227, composition ⿸戶月 or ⿸户月 or ⿸戸月)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 975, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29299
- Dae Jaweon: page 1426, character 21
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2052, character 8
- Unihan data for U+80A9
Chinese
| trad. | 肩 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 肩 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 肩 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Transcribed ancient scripts L06841 | |
|
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
| |
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形). The component 戶 (representing the shape of a shoulder) is combined with 月 (the radical of 肉, meaning "flesh" or "meat") to convey the meaning of "shoulder."[1]
References
- ^ Digital Shinjigen 2017
Etymology
Cognate with Proto-Kam-Sui *k-xiːn¹ (“arm”), Proto-Tai *qeːnᴬ (“arm”) (whence Thai แขน (kɛ̌ɛn, “arm”)) (Schuessler, 2007).
Alternatively, possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k(w/y)an (“shoulder”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): jien1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jie1
- Eastern Min (BUC): giĕng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ge1 / ginn1 / geng1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1ci
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jian
- Wade–Giles: chien1
- Yale: jyān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
- Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jian1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gian
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gin1
- Yale: gīn
- Cantonese Pinyin: gin1
- Guangdong Romanization: gin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiːn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gan1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kan³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiên
- Hakka Romanization System: gienˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gian1
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯en²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: gienˋ
- Sinological IPA: /kien⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: gin1 / giên1
- Sinological IPA: /kin⁴⁴/, /kiɛn⁴⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
Note:
- ge1/ginn1 - vernacular;
- geng1 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
- Tâi-lô: king
- Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Zhangpu): /kɛŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Tong'an)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kaiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kainn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvay
- IPA (Tong'an): /kãi⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kuiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kuinn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvuy
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kuĩ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan
- Tâi-lô: kan
- Phofsit Daibuun: kafn
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Tong'an, Jinjiang, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- keng/kaiⁿ/kuiⁿ/kan - vernacular;
- kian - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: goin1 / gain1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: koiⁿ / kaiⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kõĩ³³/, /kãĩ³³/
Note:
- goin1 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
- gain1 - Jieyang, Chaoyang, Huilai, Puning.
- Middle Chinese: ken
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤe[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*keːn/
Definitions
肩
- shoulder
- 歷史已經證明：中國資產階級是不能盡此責任的，這個責任就不得不落在無產階級的肩上了。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1940, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《新民主主義論》 (On New Democracy), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
- Lìshǐ yǐjīng zhèngmíng: Zhōngguó zīchǎnjiējí shì bùnéng jìn cǐ zérèn de, zhège zérèn jiù bùdébù luòzài wúchǎnjiējí de jiān shàng le. [Pinyin]
- History has proved that the Chinese bourgeoisie cannot fulfil this responsibility, which inevitably falls upon the shoulders of the proletariat.
历史已经证明：中国资产阶级是不能尽此责任的，这个责任就不得不落在无产阶级的肩上了。 [MSC, simp.]
- to shoulder; to undertake; to take on
- to bear
Synonyms
- (shoulders):
Dialectal synonyms of 肩膀 (“shoulder(s)”) [map]
- (to bear):
- 充任 (chōngrèn)
- 充作 (chōngzuò) (of an unqualified person or thing)
- 充當 / 充当 (chōngdāng)
- 坐投 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
- 坐擔 / 坐担 (Hokkien)
- 坐斗 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 承受 (chéngshòu)
- 承擔 / 承担 (chéngdān)
- 承當 / 承当 (chéngdāng)
- 接載 / 接载 (Hokkien)
- 擔 / 担
- 擔任 / 担任 (dānrèn)
- 擔承 / 担承 (dānchéng)
- 擔當 / 担当 (dāndāng)
- 擔負 / 担负 (dānfù)
- 擔責承 / 担责承 (Hokkien)
- 擔領 / 担领 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 稟受 / 禀受 (bǐngshòu) (literary)
- 肩負 / 肩负 (jiānfù)
- 負擔 / 负担 (fùdān)
- 負荷 / 负荷 (fùhè)
- 食坐 (Hokkien)
- 食擔 / 食担 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
Compounds
- 一肩兒 / 一肩儿
- 一肩挑
- 下一肩
- 並肩 / 并肩 (bìngjiān)
- 並肩作戰 / 并肩作战 (bìngjiānzuòzhàn)
- 並肩前進 / 并肩前进
- 並肩而行 / 并肩而行
- 乘肩
- 五十肩 (wǔshíjiān)
- 亞肩疊背 / 亚肩叠背
- 仔肩 (zījiān)
- 併肩子 / 并肩子
- 入肩
- 冷肩膀
- 切肩
- 削肩 (xuējiān)
- 勾肩搭背
- 卸肩
- 坎肩 (kǎnjiān)
- 墊肩 / 垫肩 (diànjiān)
- 壓肩疊背 / 压肩叠背
- 嫩肩膀
- 差肩
- 庾肩吾
- 彘肩
- 息肩
- 憑肩 / 凭肩
- 扛肩兒的 / 扛肩儿的
- 披肩 (pījiān)
- 抬肩
- 拱肩縮背 / 拱肩缩背
- 挨肩 (āijiān)
- 挨肩兒 / 挨肩儿 (āijiānr)
- 挨肩搭背
- 挨肩擦背
- 挨肩擦膀
- 挨肩擦臉 / 挨肩擦脸
- 挨肩疊背 / 挨肩叠背
- 掇肩
- 捱肩擦背
- 接踵摩肩 (mójiānjiēzhǒng)
- 接踵比肩 (jiēzhǒngbǐjiān)
- 摩肩如雲 / 摩肩如云
- 摩肩接踵 (mójiānjiēzhǒng)
- 摩肩擊轂 / 摩肩击毂
- 摩肩擦踵
- 擔肩 / 担肩
- 擊轂摩肩 / 击毂摩肩
- 擦肩
- 擦肩而過 / 擦肩而过 (cājiān'érguò)
- 擦肩膀
- 望其肩背
- 望其肩項 / 望其肩项
- 歙肩
- 比肩 (bǐjiān)
- 比肩人
- 比肩皆是
- 比肩繼踵 / 比肩继踵 (bǐjiānjìzhǒng)
- 比肩而事
- 比肩而立 (bǐjiān'érlì)
- 比肩隨踵 / 比肩随踵 (bǐjiānsuízhǒng)
- 溜肩膀 (liūjiānbǎng)
- 聳肩 / 耸肩 (sǒngjiān)
- 聯肩疊背 / 联肩叠背
- 肩上肩下
- 肩帶 / 肩带
- 肩挑背負 / 肩挑背负
- 肩摩
- 肩摩踵接
- 肩摩轂擊 / 肩摩毂击
- 肩擔之家 / 肩担之家 (jiāndànzhījiā)
- 肩相比
- 肩窩 / 肩窝 (jiānwō)
- 肩胛 (jiānjiǎ)
- 肩背相望
- 肩胛骨 (jiānjiǎgǔ)
- 肩膀 (jiānbǎng)
- 肩膀不齊 / 肩膀不齐
- 肩膀兒寬 / 肩膀儿宽
- 肩膀窄
- 肩袖 (jiānxiù)
- 肩負 / 肩负 (jiānfù)
- 肩輿 / 肩舆
- 肩隨 / 肩随
- 肩章 (jiānzhāng)
- 肩須拍 / 肩须拍
- 肩頭 / 肩头 (jiāntóu)
- 脅肩 / 胁肩
- 脅肩累足 / 胁肩累足
- 脅肩諂笑 / 胁肩谄笑
- 脫肩 / 脱肩
- 角肩椿象
- 路肩 (lùjiān)
- 踏肩
- 轂擊肩摩 / 毂击肩摩
- 過肩摔 / 过肩摔
- 雲肩 / 云肩
- 駢肩 / 骈肩
- 駢肩累足 / 骈肩累足
- 駢肩累跡 / 骈肩累迹
- 駢肩累踵 / 骈肩累踵
- 駢肩雜遝 / 骈肩杂遝
References
- “肩”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
| Shinjitai | 肩 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] |
肩󠄁 肩+ 󠄁?(Adobe-Japan1) |
|
| 肩󠄃 肩+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Kanji
肩
Readings
Pronunciation
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 肩 |
| かた Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Noun
肩 • (kata)
- a shoulder
- 2013 April 7 [2012 December 9], ONE with Murata, Yusuke, “３撃目 災害存在 [3rd Hit: Existential Crisis]”, in [ONEPUNCH-MAN](【ワンパンマン】) [One-Punch Man], 6th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 53:
- 肩！肩に 肩に乗ってる奴を殺せ‼
- Kata! Kata ni Kata ni notteru yatsu o korose‼
- Shoulder! Your shoulder! Kill the bastard on your shoulder!!
- 肩！肩に 肩に乗ってる奴を殺せ‼
References
- ^ “肩”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 肩 (MC ken). Recorded as Middle Korean 견 (kyen) (Yale: kyen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
肩 (eumhun 어깨 견 (eokkae gyeon))
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]