tupa

tupa

1. inflection of tupar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

From Proto-Finnic *tupa (compare Estonian tuba, Livonian tubā), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *stubō (compare Icelandic stofa, German Stube, Swedish stuga).

• IPA^(key): /ˈtupɑ/, [ˈt̪upɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -upɑ
• Syllabification^(key): tu‧pa
• Hyphenation^(key): tu‧pa

tupa

1. living room, main room (especially in a farmhouse or older house, where it doubles as a kitchen)
2. cottage or cot, especially one with only one room
3. (in compounds, uncommon on its own) room, particularly one detached from others

   Synonym: huone

4. (military) ellipsis of miehistötupa (“(open-bay) barracks room for the rank and file”)

• “tupa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023

• patu

• IPA^(key): [tuˈpa]
• Rhymes: -a
• Hyphenation: tu‧pa

tupa (dependent form rupa, third-person possessed form hupa)

1. bed

From Proto-Finnic *tupa. Cognates include Finnish tupa and Estonian tuba.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈtupɑ/, [ˈtupɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈtupɑ/, [ˈtub̥ɑ]
• (Hevaha) IPA^(key): /ˈtupɑ/, [ˈtub̥ɑ]
• Rhymes: -upɑ
• Hyphenation: tu‧pa

tupa

1. living room
   • 1937, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (toin osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 45:

     Möö kera kaik lampockat ripussimma ommaa tuppaa.

     We also all hung up lights in our own living room.

Declension of tupa (type 3/koira, p-v gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	tupa	tuvat
genitive	tuvan	tuppiin
partitive	tuppaa	tuppia
illative	tuppaa	tuppii
inessive	tuvas	tuvis
elative	tuvast	tuvist
allative	tuvalle	tuville
adessive	tuval	tuvil
ablative	tuvalt	tuvilt
translative	tuvaks	tuviks
essive	tupanna, tuppaan	tupinna, tuppiin
exessive1)	tupant	tupint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

• pertti

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 603
• Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 202

tupa

1. feminine nominative singular of tupy

tupa

1. noble, worthy, of exceptional quality
2. a title of honor

• tupaq

tupa

1. a kind of tree with soft and light fibers
2. (medicine) sputum
3. (textiles) a shed stick

tupa

1. round stone structure used by astronomer-priests

Except for coastal houses with this specific use, use hare oka.

tupa

1. inflection of tupir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

tupa class IX (plural tupa class X)

1. rasp

-tupa (infinitive kutupa)

1. to throw
2. to throw away, discard, dispose
3. to abandon, to desert
4. (Sheng) to smell

Conjugation of -tupa
Positive present -natupa Subjunctive -tupe Negative -tupi Imperative singular tupa
Infinitives
Positive kutupa Negative kutotupa
Imperatives
Singular tupa Plural tupeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hutupa Positive past positive subject concord + -litupa Negative past negative subject concord + -kutupa
Positive present (positive subject concord + -natupa) Singular Plural 1st person ninatupa/natupa tunatupa 2nd person unatupa mnatupa 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anatupa wanatupa other classes positive subject concord + -natupa
Negative present (negative subject concord + -tupi) Singular Plural 1st person situpi hatutupi 2nd person hutupi hamtupi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hatupi hawatupi other classes negative subject concord + -tupi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tatupa Negative future negative subject concord + -tatupa
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -tupe) Singular Plural 1st person nitupe tutupe 2nd person utupe mtupe 3rd person m-wa(I/II) atupe watupe other classes positive subject concord + -tupe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -situpe Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngetupa Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singetupa Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalitupa Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalitupa
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atupa) Singular Plural 1st person natupa twatupa 2nd person watupa mwatupa 3rd person m-wa(I/II) atupa watupa m-mi(III/IV) watupa yatupa ji-ma(V/VI) latupa yatupa ki-vi(VII/VIII) chatupa vyatupa n(IX/X) yatupa zatupa u(XI) watupa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwatupa pa(XVI) patupa mu(XVIII) mwatupa
Perfect positive subject concord + -metupa "Already" positive subject concord + -meshatupa "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jatupa "If/When" positive subject concord + -kitupa "If not" positive subject concord + -sipotupa Consecutive katupa / positive subject concord + -katupa Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -katupe
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nitupa -tutupa 2nd person -kutupa -watupa/-kutupeni/-watupeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mtupa -watupa m-mi(III/IV) -utupa -itupa ji-ma(V/VI) -litupa -yatupa ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kitupa -vitupa n(IX/X) -itupa -zitupa u(XI) -utupa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kutupa pa(XVI) -patupa mu(XVIII) -mutupa Reflexive -jitupa
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tupa- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -tupaye -tupao m-mi(III/IV) -tupao -tupayo ji-ma(V/VI) -tupalo -tupayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -tupacho -tupavyo n(IX/X) -tupayo -tupazo u(XI) -tupao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -tupako pa(XVI) -tupapo mu(XVIII) -tupamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tupa) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yetupa -otupa m-mi(III/IV) -otupa -yotupa ji-ma(V/VI) -lotupa -yotupa ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chotupa -vyotupa n(IX/X) -yotupa -zotupa u(XI) -otupa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kotupa pa(XVI) -potupa mu(XVIII) -motupa
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -tupia
  • Causative: -tupisha
  • Passive: -tupwa
  • Stative: -tupika

• Nominal derivations:
  • utupaji (“throwing; disposal”)

-tupa (inf kutupa)

1. -tu- (first-person plural object concord) with indicative of -pa (“to give to us”)

• topa — obsolete, Spanish-based spelling

Borrowed from Spanish topa (“it hits; it knocks”), third-person singular present indicative, of topar (“to knock against; to bump into; to collide; to ram”) because sheep bump into each other when fighting. Alternatively, Potet (2016) posits the etymology to be from Tamil ஆட்டுப்பட்டி (āṭṭuppaṭṭi, “flock of sheep”). Sheep are not native to the Philippines. Compare Sambali topa. Etymologically unrelated to English tup.

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈtupa/ [ˈt̪uː.pɐ]
• Rhymes: -upa
• Syllabification: tu‧pa

tupa (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜉ)

1. sheep; lamb

   Synonyms: karnero, obeha

2. mutton

   Synonyms: karneng-tupa, karnero

3. (figurative) weak or stupid person

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /tuˈpaʔ/ [t̪ʊˈpaʔ]
• Rhymes: -aʔ
• Syllabification: tu‧pa

tupâ (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜉ)

1. alternative form of tipa

Unknown. Compare Spanish topar (“to bump; to clash with another”). See also etymology 1.

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /tuˈpa/ [t̪ʊˈpa]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: tu‧pa

tupá (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜉ)

1. exchange of reasoning between two sides

• “tupa”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
• “tupa”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
• Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎^[2] (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
• Santos, Fr. Domingo de los (1835) Tomas Oliva, editor, Vocabulario de la lengua tagala: primera, y segunda parte.‎^[3] (in Spanish), La imprenta nueva de D. Jose Maria Dayot
• San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613) Juan de Silva, editor, Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero‎^[4], La Noble Villa de Pila, page 149: “Carnero) Topa (pp) C. de caſtilla llamanle anſi porque topa”
• Lendoyro, Constantino (1902) The Tagalog Language: A Comprehensive Grammatical Treatise Adapted to Self-instruction and Particularly Designed for Use of Those Engaged in Government Service Or in Business Or Trade in the Philippines‎^[5], "El Mercantil
• Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 303

• upat, puta

From Proto-Finnic *tupa.

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈtupɑ/, [ˈtupɑ]
• Rhymes: -upɑ
• Hyphenation: tu‧pa

tupa

1. main room, living room

Declension of tupa (type V/poikõ, p-v gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	tupa	tuvad
genitive	tuva	tupijõ, tupii
partitive	tuppa	tupiitõ, tupii
illative	tuppasõ, tuppa	tupiisõ
inessive	tuvaz	tupiiz
elative	tuvassõ	tupiissõ
allative	tuvalõ	tupiilõ
adessive	tuvallõ	tupiillõ
ablative	tuvaltõ	tupiiltõ
translative	tuvassi	tupiissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

• Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “tupa”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn