Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *wikā, from Proto-Germanic *wikǭ (“turn, succession, change, week”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyg-, *weyk- (“to bend, wind, turn, yield”). Related to Proto-Germanic *wīkaną (“to bend, yield, cease”).
Noun
wika f
- week
Descendants
- Middle Low German: wēke
- → North Frisian: Week
Polish
Pronunciation
Noun
wika f
- (Kuyavia, Near Masovian) alternative form of wyka
Further reading
- Oskar Kolberg (1867) “wika”, in Dzieła wszystkie: Kujawy (in Polish), page 278
- Artur Gruszecki, editor (1887), “wika”, in “Słowniczek spod Zakroczymia”, in Wisła : miesięcznik geograficzno-etnograficzny (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw: Artur Gruszecki, page 319
Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-wika (infinitive kuwika)
- to crow
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -wika
|
| Positive present
|
-nawika
|
| Subjunctive
|
-wike
|
| Negative
|
-wiki
|
| Imperative singular
|
wika
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuwika
|
| Negative
|
kutowika
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
wika
|
| Plural
|
wikeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huwika
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -liwika
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuwika
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nawika)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninawika/nawika
|
tunawika
|
| 2nd person
|
unawika
|
mnawika
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anawika
|
wanawika
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nawika
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -wiki)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
siwiki
|
hatuwiki
|
| 2nd person
|
huwiki
|
hamuwiki
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hawiki
|
hawawiki
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -wiki
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tawika
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tawika
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -wike)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
niwike
|
tuwike
|
| 2nd person
|
uwike
|
muwike
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
awike
|
wawike
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -wike
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -siwike
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngewika
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singewika
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngaliwika
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singaliwika
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -awika)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nawika
|
twawika
|
| 2nd person
|
wawika
|
mwawika
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
awika
|
wawika
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wawika
|
yawika
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lawika
|
yawika
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chawika
|
vyawika
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yawika
|
zawika
|
| u(XI)
|
wawika
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwawika
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pawika
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwawika
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mewika
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshawika
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jawika
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kiwika
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipowika
|
| Consecutive
|
kawika / positive subject concord + -kawika
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kawike
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-niwika
|
-tuwika
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuwika
|
-wawika/-kuwikeni/-wawikeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-muwika
|
-wawika
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uwika
|
-iwika
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-liwika
|
-yawika
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kiwika
|
-viwika
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-iwika
|
-ziwika
|
| u(XI)
|
-uwika
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuwika
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pawika
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muwika
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jiwika
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -wika- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-wikaye
|
-wikao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-wikao
|
-wikayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-wikalo
|
-wikayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-wikacho
|
-wikavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-wikayo
|
-wikazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-wikao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-wikako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-wikapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-wikamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -wika)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yewika
|
-owika
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-owika
|
-yowika
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lowika
|
-yowika
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chowika
|
-vyowika
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yowika
|
-zowika
|
| u(XI)
|
-owika
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kowika
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-powika
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mowika
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Tagalog
Etymology
Said to be borrowed from Sanskrit, possibilities are:
- Sanskrit जिह्विका (jihvikā), feminine of जिह्वक (jihvaka, “tongue”), derived from जिह्वा (jihvā́, “tongue”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s and a possible doublet of lengguwahe. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
- Sanskrit वाक (vāka, “sounding; speaking; chattering; murmuring”) or Sanskrit वाक्य (vākya, “speech; saying; assertion; statement; command; words”), according to Juan Francisco (1963, 1973). Related to basa.
- Sanskrit विवेक (viveka, “consideration; discussion; investigation”), according to Pardo de Tavera (1887).
Compare also Malay beka.
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈwikaʔ/ [ˈwiː.xɐʔ]
- Rhymes: -ikaʔ
- Syllabification: wi‧ka
Noun
wikà (Baybayin spelling ᜏᜒᜃ)
- (linguistics) language
- Synonyms: lengguwahe, salita, lengguwa, (Marinduque) ergo
- Ang wika ng mga Amerikano ― The language of the Americans
- Ang wikang Tagalog ― The Tagalog language
- utterance; statement
- Synonyms: sabi, sinabi
- (by extension) insult
- Synonyms: insulto, lait, upasala, alipusta, paglait, pag-alipusta, pag-upasala, paghamak
- (obsolete) belief; thinking
- Synonym: akala
- Wika ko'y malayo pa ay narito na tayo. ― My thoughts are it's still far but we're already here.
- Maiging wika iyan. ― That's a good thought.
Derived terms
See also
Further reading
- “wika”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
- Francisco, Juan R. (January 1963), chapter 1, in Indian Influences In The Philippines With Special Reference To Language And Literature (PhD)[1], University of Madras, page 57
- Pilipinas, Philippine Studies Committee, Southeast Asia Council, Association for Asian Studies, 2004, page 110
- Pardo de Tavera, Trinidad Hermenegildo (1887) El sanscrito en la lengua tagalog, la Faculté de médecine, A. Davy, page 54
- Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves[2] (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
- San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613) Juan de Silva, editor, Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero[3], La Noble Villa de Pila
- page 339: “Hablar) Vyca (pp) [alguna] coſa”
- page 386: “Lengua) Vica (pp) qualquiera que ſea de qualquier naçion, pero diferençianla anſi”
- page 460: “Palabra) Vyca (pp) cualquiera [que ſea]”
- page 475: “Penſar) Vyca (pp) algo”
- page 509: “Raçon) Vyca (pp) queſe diçe hablando”
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