ë

ë U+00EB, ë LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS Composition: e [U+0065] + ◌̈ [U+0308] ← ê [U+00EA] Latin-1 Supplement ì → [U+00EC]

ë

1. (NAPA) a close-mid back unrounded vowel (IPA [ɤ]).

ë

1. (lexicography, dated) An orthographic ⟨e⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being the FACE vowel, as in the word "cafe".

• IPA^(key): /ə/ or silent.

ë (lower case Ë)

1. The eighth letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) shkronjë; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, Dh dh, E e, Ë ë, F f, G g, Gj gj, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, P p, Q q, R r, Rr rr, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, U u, V v, X x, Xh xh, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

ë

1. The augment for class 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 12 nouns.

• Justo Bolekia (2009) Diccionario español-bubi, Akal, →ISBN, page 23

• IPA^(key): /e/

ë (upper case Ë)

1. A letter of the Chipewyan alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• IPA^(key): /e̤/

ë (upper case Ë)

1. A letter of the Dinka alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• IPA^(key): /ə/, /ɛ/

• Audio:

  (file)

ë (lower case Ë)

1. the letter “e” in words when it must be pronounced separately and not associated with preceding letter. E.g. “-gue” is normally pronounced /ɡ/ but “-guë” is pronounce /ɡy/ (like in aiguë, ciguë); “œ” is normally pronounced /e/ or /ɛ/ but “oë” is pronounced /o.ɛ/ (like in troëne, Noël)

• IPA^(key): /e/ (in dialects where e = /ɛ/)
• IPA^(key): /ɛ/ (in dialects where e = /æ/)

ë (lower case, upper case Ë)

1. The close-mid front unrounded vowel as used in several Hungarian dialects;^[1][2] more closed than the sound of e and shorter than that of é; used instead of e in certain, lexically determined places.

   Synonym: zárt e (literally “closed e”)

2. The symbol to indicate this sound.^[3]

It can distinguish certain words that are otherwise homophones in the current standard (so it can act like a phoneme), e.g. nem: nem (“gender, genus”) and nëm (“not”);^[4] mentek: mentëk (“I save”), mentek (“exempt [plural]”), mëntëk (“you go [plural]”), and mëntek (“they went”).^[5]

• (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.

• A zárt ë rendszere, szabályai és mércéje a magyar köznyelvben. “The system, rules, and yardstick of closed ë in standard Hungarian” by András Mészáros (with an extensive list of minimal pairs in Appendix 1 and partly in Appendix 2; Kiejtes.hu)
• Mindent a zárt ë hangról “Everything on the closed ë sound” by László Fejes (Nyest.hu)
• Ilyen lënne az új helyësírás “This is what the new spelling would be like” by László Fejes (Nyest.hu)
• Fejes László tévedései pontokba szedve “Mr. László Fejes’ mistakes, itemized” by András Mészáros (Kiejtes.hu)
• Section 89 in A magyar helyesírás szabályai, 12. kiadás (’The Rules of Hungarian Orthography, 12th edition’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2015. →ISBN
• ë in Pusztai, Ferenc (ed.). Magyar értelmező kéziszótár (“A Concise Explanatory Dictionary of Hungarian”). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2003. 2nd, expanded and revised edition →ISBN. Online searchable version (under development)
• Mészáros, András. Igényës (ë-ző) kiejtési kisszótár : adalékok a 15 magánhangzós magyar köznyelvi kiejtés mércéjének kialakításához. “Pocket dictionary of a discerning (ë-) pronunciation: contributions to shaping everyday standard Hungarian with 15 vowels.” 2nd, rev. ed. Bicske: Gondos Bt., 1999. →ISBN

• IPA^(key): /ˈɜ/
• Rhymes: -ɜ
• Syllabification: ë

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and ë for development of the glyph itself.

ë (lower case, upper case Ë)

1. The ninth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, àã, B b, C c, D d, E e, É é, Ë ë, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, O o, Ò ò, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ù ù, W w, Y y, Z z, Ż ż

ë

1. alternative form of i

• Stefan Ramułt (1893) “é”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 35
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “i”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[1], volume 1, page 515
• “ë”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

• IPA^(key): /ɜ/

ë (upper case Ë)

1. The open-mid central unrounded vowel as used in the Gherdëina variant of Ladin.

• (Latin-script letters) A a (À à, Á á, Ä ä), B b, C c, D d, E e (Ë ë, É é, È è), F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ò ò, Ó ó, Ö ö), P p, Q q, R r, S s (Ś ś), T t, U u (Ù ù, Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, Z z

• IPA^(key): /ə/

ë (upper case Ë)

1. A letter of the Luxembourgish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

The letter ë indicates the sound /ɛ/, which derives from Proto-Germanic *e (as in ëȥȥen) or *i (as in lëben), distinguished from e /e/ (also spelt ẹ), which usually derives from Proto-Germanic *a.

ë

1. A letter sometimes used in normalised Middle High German spelling. It is optional in editions and never found in actual manuscripts.

• IPA^(key): /a̘/

ë (upper case Ë)

1. A letter of the Noon alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• IPA^(key): /ə/

ë (lower case, upper case Ë)

1. (International Standard) The letter e with the umlaut.

Although it is pronounced the same as ä, it indicates a dialectal pronunciation of e.^[1]

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).

• Marcel Courthiade (2009) “DECISION : "THE ROMANI ALPHABET"”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 499
• “Introduction 3. How to read Rromani”, in R.E.D-RROM‎^[2], 2 October 2021 (last accessed)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• (sound): IPA^(key): /joː/
• (sound, educated): IPA^(key): /jɔ/

ë (lower case, upper case Ë)

1. (linguistics) Letter used for transcription of Russian Ё / ё.

Letter E with diaeresis (¨) to signify centralization.

• (Resian, phoneme): IPA^(key): /ə/

ë (lower case, upper case Ë)

1. The ninth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Resian), written in the Latin script.

• e
• ē
• è
• é
• ȅ
• ȇ
• ê
• ḙ
• ẹ
• ə

• Toporišič, Jože (2001) “Slovaropisna pravila”, in Slovenski pravopis (in Slovene), Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU, →ISBN, page 178
• Steenwijk, Han (1994) Ortografia resiana = Tö jošt rozajanskë pïsanjë (overall work in Italian and Slovene), Padua: CLEUP

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *i.

• IPA^(key): /ˈə/
• Rhymes: -ə
• Syllabification: ë

ë

1. coordinating conjunction; and

ë

1. Introduces interrogative sentences.

• Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “ä”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎^[3] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 7

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ə/ [ə]
• Rhymes: -ə

ë (lower case, upper case Ë)

1. the letter e with a diaeresis representing a schwa

• In Tagalog and its standardized form Filipino, ë is used to represent the schwa, particularly in words originating from other Philippine languages, for instance Maranao (Mëranaw), Pangasinan, Ilocano, and Ibaloi. Before introduction of this letter, the schwa was ambiguously represented by a or e.
• Writing the diaeresis is recommended but not required as long as the reader is aware that the unaccented form is supposed to sound like a schwa (/ə/).
• The use of the diaeresis to represent the central vowel schwa is possibly inspired by the use of the diaeresis in the IPA to represent centralization.

• (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ˈeː/, /ˌɛ/

ë (upper case Ë)

1. The letter E, marked for its syllabic pronunciation distinct from adjacent vowels.