三國

Chinese

	three	country; state; nation
trad. (三國)	三	國
simp. (三国)	三	国
anagram	國三／国三

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “concrete date or dynasty where the term originates to refer to this period”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Sānguó

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄢㄍㄨㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): saam¹ gwok³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Sâm-koet

(Hailu, HRS): sam^ˋ gued
Eastern Min (BUC): Săng-guók
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sang¹ gorh⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Sam-kok

(Teochew, Peng'im): sam¹ gog⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹se-koq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Sānguó
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄢㄍㄨㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Sanguó
  - Wade–Giles: San¹-kuo²
  - Yale: Sān-gwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Sangwo
  - Palladius: Саньго (Sanʹgo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sän⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: saam¹ gwok³
  - Yale: sāam gwok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saam¹ gwok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: sam¹ guog³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːm⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sâm-koet
  - Hakka Romanization System: sam^ˊ gued^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sam¹ gued⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /sam²⁴ ku̯et̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: sam^ˋ gued
  - Sinological IPA: /sam⁵³ kuet⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Săng-guók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(k-)ŋuɔʔ²⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sang¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic: sang² ngorh⁶]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Sang-go̤h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ^(k-)ŋɒʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sang¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic: sang² ngorh⁶]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^(k-)ŋɒʔ²/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sang¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic: sang² morh⁶]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^(k-)mɒʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sam-kok
  - Tâi-lô: Sam-kok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: samkog
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sam⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /sam³³ kɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sam⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sam¹ gog⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sam kok
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sam³³⁻²³ kok̚²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹se-koq
  - MiniDict: se^平 koh
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹se-koq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /se⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/

Proper noun

三國

(Chinese history) the Three Kingdoms (220–280 CE)
(Korean history) the Three Kingdoms of Korea
an orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 三国, Mikuni

Derived terms

三國志 / 三国志 (Sānguó Zhì)
三國演義 / 三国演义 (Sānguó Yǎnyì)
三國鼎立 / 三国鼎立 (sānguó dǐnglì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (三國):

→ Japanese: 三国(さんごく) (sangoku)
→ Korean: 삼국(三國) (samguk)
→ Vietnamese: Tam Quốc (三國)

Other:

→ English: Three Kingdoms
→ Thai: สามก๊ก
- → Khmer: សាមកុក (saam-kok)
- → Japanese: サームコック (Sāmukokku)
→ Indonesian: Sam Kok, Samkok

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name	Time period	Divisions
Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代)	2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代)	1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代)	1046 – 256 BCE	Western Zhou 西周
		Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周	Spring and Autumn period 春秋
		Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周	Warring States period 戰國 / 战国
Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代)	221 – 206 BCE
Han 漢 / 汉 (～朝, ～代)	206 BCE – 220 C.E.	Western Han 西漢 / 西汉
		Xin 新 (～朝)
		Eastern Han 東漢 / 东汉
Three Kingdoms 三國 / 三国	220 – 280 C.E.	Wei 魏
		Shu Han 蜀漢 / 蜀汉
		Wu 吳 / 吴
Jin 晉 / 晋 (～朝, ～代)	265 – 420 C.E.	Western Jin 西晉 / 西晋
Jin 晉 / 晋 (～朝, ～代)	265 – 420 C.E.	Eastern Jin 東晉 / 东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝	420 – 589 C.E.	Northern dynasties 北朝	Northern Wei 北魏
			Western Wei 西魏
			Eastern Wei 東魏 / 东魏
			Northern Zhou 北周
			Northern Qi 北齊 / 北齐
		Southern dynasties 南朝	Liu Song 劉宋 / 刘宋
			Southern Qi 南齊 / 南齐
			Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代)
			Chen 陳 / 陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代)	581 – 618 C.E.
Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代)	618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國 / 五代十国	907 – 960 C.E.
Liao 遼 / 辽 (～朝, ～代)	907 – 1125 C.E.
Song 宋 (～朝, ～代)	960 – 1279 C.E.	Northern Song 北宋
Song 宋 (～朝, ～代)	960 – 1279 C.E.	Southern Song 南宋
Western Xia 西夏	1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin 金 (～朝, ～代)	1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao 西遼 / 西辽	1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代)	1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming 明 (～朝, ～代)	1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing 清 (～朝, ～代)	1636 – 1912 C.E.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
三	國
さん Grade: 1	こく > ごく Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Kanji in this term
三	國
み Grade: 1	くに Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 三國 – see the following entry.

【三国さんごく】	[noun] three countries [noun] Japan, China, and India [noun] Japan, Korea, and China [noun] all the world [noun] Three Kingdoms of ancient China: Wei (魏), Shu (蜀 (shǔ)), and Wu (吳 / 吴)
【三国みくに】	[proper noun] Mount Mikuni (a mountain in Gifu Prefecture, Japan) [proper noun] a surname

(This term, 三國, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
三	國

Proper noun

三國 • (Samguk) (hangeul 삼국)

hanja form^? of 삼국 (“the Three Kingdoms (220–280 CE)”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
三	國

Proper noun

三國

chữ Hán form of Tam Quốc (“the Three Kingdoms (220–280 CE)”)

Chinese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Derived terms

Descendants

See also

Japanese

Korean

Proper noun

Vietnamese

Proper noun