蜃

See also: 蜄

蜃	U+8703, 蜃 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8703

← 蜂
[U+8702]

CJK Unified Ideographs

蜄 →
[U+8704]

Translingual

Han character

蜃 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一女中一戈 (MVLMI), four-corner 7113₆, composition ⿸辰虫(G) or ⿱辰虫(HTJK))

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1084, character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33089
Dae Jaweon: page 1552, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2854, character 6
Unihan data for U+8703

Chinese

trad.		蜃
simp. ^#		蜃
alternative forms		蜄𧒏𪓧

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (辰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
辴	tʰɯl, tʰɯnʔ, *tʰɯn
屒	tɯnʔ, djɯn
振	tjɯn, tjɯns
侲	tjɯn, tjɯn
桭	tjɯn, djɯn
唇	tjɯn, ɦljun
帪	*tjɯn
賑	tjɯnʔ, tjɯns
裖	*tjɯnʔ
敐	tjɯnʔ, djɯn
震	*tjɯn
娠	tjɯns, hljɯn
蜃	djɯns, djɯnʔ, *djins
辰	*djɯn
晨	djɯn, ɦljɯn
宸	*djɯn
鷐	*djɯn
麎	*djɯn
祳	*djɯnʔ
脤	*djɯnʔ
鋠	*djɯnʔ
磭	ŋrɯnʔ, ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ
陙	*djun
脣	*ɦljun
漘	*ɦljun

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djɯns, *djɯnʔ, *djins): phonetic 辰 (OC *djɯn) + semantic 虫 (“insect”).

May also be an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意), with 辰 possibly being an agricultural tool made from clam, see there for more.

Etymology

Possibly related to 辰 (OC *djɯn, “5th earthly branch; dragon”) (Schuessler, 2007); see there for more.

Carr (1990) organizes characters in the 辰 phonetic series into two groups, one of which is "dragon", which includes 蜃 as well as 晨 (OC *djɯn, “dragon star”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shèn (shen⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): san⁵ / san⁶ / san⁴
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sīn / sǐn

(Teochew, Peng'im): sing⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shèn
  - Wade–Giles: shên⁴
  - Yale: shèn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenn
  - Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: san⁵ / san⁶ / san⁴
  - Yale: sáhn / sahn / sàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: san⁵ / san⁶ / san⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: sen⁵ / sen⁶ / sen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn¹³/, /sɐn²²/, /sɐn²¹/

Note:

san5 - colloquial;
san6, san4 - variant.

Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīn
  - Tâi-lô: sīn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sin
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sin³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sin²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǐn
  - Tâi-lô: sǐn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sin²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sing⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sîng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: dzyinX, dzyinH

Rime
Character	蜃	蜃
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	時忍切	時刃切
Baxter	dzyinX	dzyinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪn^X/	/d͡ʑiɪn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑin^X/	/d͡ʑin^H/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjen^X/	/d͡ʑjen^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑin^X/	/d͡ʑin^H/
Li Rong	/ʑiĕn^X/	/ʑiĕn^H/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕn^X/	/ʑĭĕn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ĕn^X/	/ʑi̯ĕn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shèn	shèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	san⁶	san⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ərʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*djɯns/, /*djɯnʔ/, /*djins/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蜃
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shèn
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyin^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]ərʔ/
English	clam, oyster
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蜃	蜃	蜃
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	1371	1380	1384
Phonetic component	辰	辰	辰
Rime group	文	文	文
Rime subdivision	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	愼	腎	愼
Old Chinese	/*djɯns/	/*djɯnʔ/	/*djins/

Definitions

蜃

a type of large shellfish; a type of large bivalve; clam
- 雉入大水為蜃 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  雉入大水为蜃 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  zhì rù dàshuǐ wèi shèn [Pinyin]
  Pheasants enter the great water and become large clams
(mythology) the shen, a shapeshifting aquatic monster originally imagined as a clam and later as a type of dragon
蜃景 ― shènjǐng ― mirage
- 海旁蜃氣象樓臺，廣野氣成宮闕然。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  海旁蜃气象楼台，广野气成宫阙然。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE
  Hǎipáng shènqì xiàng lóutái, guǎngyě qì chéng gōngquè rán. [Pinyin]
  By the sea, the clamʼs mist resembles towers; in the wild expanse, mist becomes palaces thus.
- 門前蛟蜃氣，蓑上蕙蘭馨。 [MSC, trad.]
  门前蛟蜃气，蓑上蕙兰馨。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 齊己 (Qí Jǐ) 《湘江漁父》 "The Fisherman on Xiang River", in 《全唐詩》 Quan Tangshi.
  Ménqián jiāoshèn qì, suōshàng huìlán xīn. [Pinyin]
  Before the door, the drakes blow mist; on the coir, the orchids emit fragrance.
(historical) ritual vessel painted with images of clam
(historical) short for 蜃炭

Compounds

文蜃
歸蜃 / 归蜃
海市蜃樓 / 海市蜃楼 (hǎishìshènlóu)
海蜃
火蜃
白蜃
白蜃雲 / 白蜃云
蚌蜃
蛟蜃
蛤蜃
蜃器
蜃壁
蜃女
蜃市
蜃景 (shènjǐng)
蜃樓 / 蜃楼 (shènlóu)
蜃樓山市 / 蜃楼山市
蜃樓海市 / 蜃楼海市
蜃母樓 / 蜃母楼
蜃氛
蜃氣 / 蜃气
蜃氣樓 / 蜃气楼
蜃海
蜃浪
蜃灰
蜃灶
蜃炭
蜃牆 / 蜃墙
蜃珧
蜃窗
蜃精
蜃綍 / 蜃𰬘
蜃臺 / 蜃台
蜃蛤
蜃衛 / 蜃卫
蜃貝 / 蜃贝
蜃車 / 蜃车
蜃輅 / 蜃辂
蜃醢
蜃閣 / 蜃阁
蜃闕 / 蜃阙
蜃雲 / 蜃云
蜃霓
蜃風 / 蜃风
蠯蜃
赤蜃
黑蜃

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03647
“蜃”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “蜃”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 209.

Japanese

Kanji

蜃

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: じん (jin)
Kan-on: しん (shin)
Kun: おおはまぐり (ōhamaguri, 蜃)

Compounds

蜃気楼(しんきろう) (shinkirō)
蜃蛤(しんこう) (shinkō)

Korean

Hanja

蜃 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin, Yale sin)

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Vietnamese

Han character

蜃: Hán Nôm readings: thận, thẩn, thằn

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