侍

侍 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人土木戈 (OGDI), four-corner 2424₁, composition ⿰亻寺)

• 㣥, 𤲔, 𨂄, 𦱎

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 101, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 589
• Dae Jaweon: page 215, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 143, character 17
• Unihan data for U+4F8D

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djɯs): semantic ⺅ (“person”) + phonetic 寺 (OC *ljɯs).^[1]

侍

1. to wait upon; to serve
2. attendant; servant
3. a surname, Shi

(Jōyō kanji)

1. samurai
2. wait upon, serve

• Go-on: じ (ji, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: し (shi)
• Kun: さぶらい (saburai, 侍)^{←さぶらひ (saburafi, さぶらひ, historical)}、さぶらう (saburau, 侍う)^{←さぶらふ (saburafu, 侍ふ, historical)}、さむらい (samurai, 侍, Jōyō)^{←さむらひ (samurafi, さむらひ, historical)}、さむらう (samurau, 侍う)^{←さむらふ (samurafu, 侍ふ, historical)}、はべる (haberu, 侍る)
• Nanori: つこ (tsuko)、ひと (hito)

⟨sa morapi₁⟩ → /saburapi/ → /saburafi/ → /samurawi/ → /samurai/

Sound shift from saburai (see below), itself the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of classical verb 侍ふ (saburafu, “to serve”, modern saburau).

The shift from saburaf- → samuraf- is due to the development of the 女性語 (josei-go, “women's language”) in Middle Japanese. A different development of this b is seen in 候 (sōrō, “service”, classical saurafu).

• (Tokyo) さむらい [sàmúráí] (Heiban – [0])^[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [sa̠mɯ̟ɾa̠i]

• Audio:

  (file)

侍(さむらい) • (samurai) ^{←さむらひ (samurafi)?}

1. (historical) a warrior class in medieval and pre-modern Japan; samurai

   Synonym: (partial synonym; see "Usage notes") 武士 (bushi)

2. one who serves nearby:
   1. a servant
   2. a retainer
3. short for 侍所 (samurai-dokoro): the Board of Retainers in the Kamakura and Muromachi periods.
4. an above-average person

In modern popular usage, the terms bushi and samurai are often used in both English and Japanese somewhat loosely to refer to any soldier or warrior during Japan's feudal age (prior to the Meiji period). In historical contexts, these terms may be used with more specific senses, wherein bushi refers to any professional warrior, and samurai refers more strictly to a hereditary social class. See also Samurai on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

• 黄(こ)金(がね)と侍(さむらい)は朽(く)ちても朽(く)ちぬ (kogane to samurai wa kuchite mo kuchinu)

• 武士(ぶし)道(どう) (bushidō, “samurai code of conduct”)
• 浪人(ろうにん) (rōnin, “masterless samurai”)

⟨sa morapi₁⟩ → /saburapi/ → /saburafi/ → /saburawi/ → /saburai/

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of classical verb 侍ふ (saburafu, “to serve”).

• IPA^(key): [sa̠bɯ̟ɾa̠i]

侍(さぶらい) • (saburai) ^{←さぶらひ (saburafi)?}

1. (archaic) one who serves nearby:
   1. a servant
   2. a retainer
   3. a warrior; particularly, a samurai
      • 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 545:
        ^[3]

        Saburai. サブライ(侍) 貴族, または,尊敬すべき人〔武士〕.

2. synonym of 下侍 (shimosaburai, “office attendants to the emperor gathered in, on the south side of the 清涼殿 (Seiryōden, “Emperor's dwelling”)”)
3. short for 侍所 (saburai-dokoro): a samurai guardhouse in the Heian period

侍 (eum 시 (si))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

侍: Hán Nôm readings: thị

1. to be close, near
2. to serve, to take care of, to look after
3. attendant; servant
4. short of 侍生, humble pronoun when speaking to a superior
5. a surname, Shi

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