d'
English
Etymology 1
Contraction of the article da ("the").
Article
d'
- Pronunciation spelling of the, representing dialectal English.
- Synonym: da
Etymology 2
Reduction.
Verb
d'
- Contraction of do (only before "you" or "ye").
- D'you wanna go?
- Contraction of did (only before "you" or "ye").
- Where'd she put 'em? D'you eat 'em yet?
See also
- maitre d' (different etymology)
Asturian
Etymology
Contraction of the preposition de (“of, from”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d/ [d̪]
Preposition
d'
Bavarian
Etymology
Unstressed form of de.
Article
d' f or pl
See also
singular | plural | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | neuter | feminine | |||||||
stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||
definite | nominative | der, da | — | das, es, des | 's | de | d' | de | d' |
accusative | en, den | 'n | |||||||
dative | em, dem | 'm | em, dem | 'm | der, da | — | |||
genitive1 | des | des | der, da | der, da | |||||
indefinite | nominative | a | — | a | — | a | — | — | |
accusative | an | 'n | |||||||
dative | am | 'm | am | 'm | a, ana | 'na |
1 higher, formal register
Catalan
Etymology
Contraction of the preposition de (“of, from”).
Pronunciation
Preposition
d'
Dutch
Etymology
Contraction of the article de (“the”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d/
Preposition
d'
French
Etymology
Contraction of the preposition de (“of, from”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d‿/
Audio: (file)
Preposition
d'
- (before a vowel or a mute h) apocopic form of de: of
- un verre d'eau
- a glass of water
- (informal, after a vowel sound) apocopic form of de: of
- 2002, Jean-François Pauzé, “Mon chum Rémi”, in Break Syndical, the s in pas is silent:
- Hé Rémi / fais pas d'conneries / J't'aime ben la face / pis tu m'dois encore cinquante piasses
- Hey Rémi / stop with the nonsense / I really like your face / and you still owe me fifty dollars
Further reading
- “de”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [d̪ˠ] (before a word starting with a, o, u, fha, fho, or fhu)
- IPA(key): [dʲ] (before a word starting with e, i, fhe, or fhi)
- (Ulster, colloquial) IPA(key): /ə/, (before ⟨a/á, o/ó, u/ú⟩) /ə.ɣ-/, (before ⟨e/é, i/í⟩) /ə.j-/[1]
Etymology 1
Prevocalic apocope of do (all senses).
Particle
d’
- (before vowel sounds and fhr-) apocopic form of do: Marker of the past tense.
- d’ól sé ― he drank
- d’fhág sé ― he waited
- d’fhreagair sé ― he answered
- Used before vowel sounds (including when f has been lenited to fh before a vowel) and also before fr- lenited to fhr-. The variant form used before consonants, do, is generally omitted but may be encountered in Munster Irish and in literary language.
Preposition
d’ (plus dative, triggers lenition)
- (before vowel sounds) apocopic form of do: to, for
- d’athair Sheáin
- to Seán’s father, for Seán’s father
Determiner
d’
Alternative forms
- t’ (Cois Fharraige)
- th’ (Munster)
See also
person | conjunctive (emphatic) |
disjunctive (emphatic) |
possessive determiner | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | first | mé (mise) |
mo L m' before vowel sounds | ||
second | tú (tusa)1 |
thú (thusa) |
do L d' before vowel sounds | ||
third | m | sé (seisean) |
é (eisean) |
a L | |
f | sí (sise) |
í (ise) |
a H | ||
n | — | ea | — | ||
plural | first | muid, sinn (muidne, muide), (sinne) |
ár E | ||
second | sibh (sibhse)1 |
bhur E | |||
third | siad (siadsan) |
iad (iadsan) |
a E |
Etymology 2
Prevocalic apocopic form of de.
Preposition
d’ (plus dative, triggers lenition)
- (before vowel sounds) apocopic form of de: from, of
- d’athair Sheáin
- from Seán’s father, of Seán’s father
References
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 73
Italian
Etymology
Contraction of the preposition di (“of, from”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d‿/
Preposition
d' (apocopated)
- (sometimes before a vowel or an h) apocopic form of di: of
- Follia d'amore ― Madness of love.
- Un bicchiere d'acqua. ― A glass of water.
Usage notes
In some rare cases d' represents the preposition da:
- d'ora in poi (“from now on”)
- d'ora in avanti (“from now on”)
Luxembourgish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d/ (before vowels and voiced consonants)
- IPA(key): /t/ (before voiceless consonants)
- IPA(key): /-/ (sometimes; see usage notes below)
Determiner
d' f or n
Usage notes
- This article form is commonly not pronounced between /t/ and another consonant, and occasionally otherwise when the combination of preceding and following consonants creates an impossible cluster. Only rarely is this muteness avoided by using the full form of the article. Rather, the lack of an indefinite article becomes a definite article by default. Occasional ambiguities, particularly in the plural, are tolerated.
Declension
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
nom./acc. | deen (den) | déi (d') | dat (d') | déi (d') |
dative | deem (dem) | där (der) | deem (dem) | deen (den) |
genitive | der |
Middle French
Preposition
d'
Usage notes
- Earlier manuscripts omit the apostrophe
- despaigne ― of Spain
Norman
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old French de, from Latin dē.
Preposition
d'
Occitan
Pronunciation
Audio (Languedoc): (file)
Preposition
d'
- alternative form of de (before a vowel)
Old French
Preposition
d'
Usage notes
- Unlike in modern French, de is not always elided to d' before a vowel or a mute h. It is optional.
- The apostrophe is not used in the original manuscripts, but is added by scholars for clarity.
- despaigne ― of Spain
Old Occitan
Preposition
d'
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d‿/
Preposition
d'
- apocopic form of de (used before words beginning in a vowel, archaic except in fixed expressions or before a facultative contraction containing part of a proper name)
- Aceitaria um copo d'água? ― Would you like a glass of water?
- Camões é o autor d'Os Lusíadas. ― Camões is the author of Os Lusíadas.
Derived terms
Romagnol
Alternative forms
Preposition
d'
- apocopic form of ad (“of”)
Sardinian
Etymology 1
Apocopic form of de.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d‿/
Preposition
d' (apocopate)
- apocopic form of de used before a vowel
Etymology 2
From the development of an epenthetic [d] in pronunciation between the prepositions cun/chin/in and the indefinite articles unu, una.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [d‿]
Preposition
d'
- ortographic realization of a [d] sound in certain environments
Derived terms
Sassarese
Etymology
Contraction of the preposition di (“of, from”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d‿/
Preposition
d' (apocopate)
- (before a vowel or an h) apocopic form of di
Scottish Gaelic
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t̪/ (before a back vowel sound)
- IPA(key): /tʲ/ (before a front vowel sound)
Determiner
d’
- apocopic form of do (“your”) (second-person singular possessive pronoun)
- A bheil fios aig d’ athair? ― Does your father know?
- Seo d’ fhaclair. ― Here’s your dictionary.
See also
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
+ C | + V | + C | + V | ||
first person | moL | m' | ar | arN | |
second person | doL | d' | ur | urN | |
third person | m | aL | — | an, am1 | an |
f | a | aH |
L Triggers lenition; H Triggers H-prothesis; N Triggers eclipsis
1 Used before b-, f-, m- or p-
References
- “d'” in R. A. Armstrong, A Gaelic Dictionary, in Two Parts, London, 1825, →OCLC.