t'
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [t̚], [ʔ], [ː] prolongation of previous sound, or silent (with pause)
Etymology 1
From Middle English that, from Old English þæt (“the, that”, neuter definite article and relative pronoun).
Article
t’
- Northern England form of the (most characteristic of Yorkshire, but also found in areas of Lancashire, Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire)
- (Yorkshire) Short for 'the' (mostly in speech)
Usage notes
- Before a vowel, t’ is usually written and pronounced as if appended to the following word.
- In He can't make up his mind if he wants one or t’other (= He can't make up his mind if he wants one or the other) t’other is pronounced [ˈtʊðə] as if spelled tother. Sometimes, especially after a consonant, it is pronounced as a glottal stop as below.
- Before a consonant, t’ is pronounced as a glottal stop following the preceding word.
- In I’m going down t’ road to see me mam ( = I’m going down the road to see my mother), down t’ is pronounced [daʊnʔ] as down followed by a glottal stop.
- t’ is sometimes not pronounced at all, having no glottal stop, resulting in a slight pause or lengthening of the preceding sound.
- This still remains distinct from the form without a definite article: compare in t’ woods [ɪnː ˈwʊdz] with in woods [ɪn ˈwʊdz].
- Speakers to whom the usage is not native sometimes pronounce it [tʰ] or [tʰə], either deliberately in mockery or unconsciously in ignorance. However, t' is said when it is used for to the.
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Contraction.
Preposition
t’
- Apocopic form of to.
Catalan
Pronoun
t'
- contraction of et
Usage notes
- t' is the elided (elida) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with a vowel.
- T'estimo. ― I love you.
Declension
strong/subject | weak (direct object) | weak (indirect object) | possessive | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
proclitic | enclitic | proclitic | enclitic | |||||
singular | 1st person |
standard | jo, mi3 | em, m’ | -me, ’m | em, m’ | -me, ’m | meu |
majestic1 | nós | ens | -nos, ’ns | ens | -nos, ’ns | nostre | ||
2nd person |
standard | tu | et, t’ | -te, ’t | et, t’ | -te, ’t | teu | |
formal1 | vós | us | -vos, -us | us | -vos, -us | vostre | ||
very formal2 | vostè | el, l’ | -lo, ’l | li | -li | seu | ||
3rd person |
m | ell | el, l’ | -lo, ’l | li | -li | seu | |
f | ella | la, l’4 | -la | li | -li | seu | ||
n | ho | -ho | li | -li | seu | |||
plural | ||||||||
1st person | nosaltres | ens | -nos, ’ns | ens | -nos, ’ns | nostre | ||
2nd person |
standard | vosaltres | us | -vos, -us | us | -vos, -us | vostre | |
formal2 | vostès | els | -los, ’ls | els | -los, ’ls | seu | ||
3rd person |
m | ells | els | -los, ’ls | els | -los, ’ls | seu | |
f | elles | les | -les | els | -los, ’ls | seu | ||
3rd person reflexive | si | es, s’ | -se, ’s | es, s’ | -se, ’s | seu | ||
adverbial | ablative/genitive | en, n’ | -ne, ’n | |||||
locative | hi | -hi |
1 Behaves grammatically as plural. 2 Behaves grammatically as third person.
3 Only as object of a preposition. 4 Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.
Franco-Provençal
Pronoun
t'
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t‿/
Audio: (file)
Pronoun
t'
- elided form of te
- Je t’ai vu.
- I saw you.
- (colloquial) elided form of tu
- T’as vu mon frère ?
- Have you seen my brother?
Related terms
number | person | gender | nominative (subject) |
accusative (direct complement) |
dative (indirect complement) |
locative (at) |
genitive (of) |
disjunctive (tonic)1 |
emphatic reflexive |
relative | proximal | distal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | first | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | — | — | moi | moi-même | — | |||
second | — | tu | te, t’ | — | — | toi | toi-même | — | ||||
third | masculine | il2 | le, l’ | lui | y | en | lui | lui-même | celui | celui-ci | celui-là | |
feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle | elle-même | celle | celle-ci | celle-là | |||||
indeterminate | on3, l’on (formal), ce4, c’, ça | — | — | — | — | — | — | ce | ceci | cela, ça | ||
reflexive | — | se, s’5 | — | — | soi | soi-même | — | |||||
plural | first | — | nous | nous | — | — | nous | nous-mêmes | — | |||
second6 | — | vous | vous | — | — | vous | vous-mêmes, vous-même6 |
— | ||||
third | masculine | ils7 | les | leur | y | en | eux7 | eux-mêmes7 | ceux | ceux-ci | ceux-là | |
feminine | elles | elles | elles-mêmes | celles | celles-ci | celles-là |
1 The disjunctive (tonic) forms are also used after an explicit preposition (de/d‘, à, pour, chez, dans, vers, sur, sous, ...), instead the accusative, dative, genitive, locative, or reflexive forms, where a preposition is implied.
2 Il is also used as an impersonal nominative-only pronoun.
3 On can also function as a first person plural (although agreeing with third person singular verb forms).
4 The nominal indeterminate form ce (demonstrative) can also be used with the auxiliary verb être as a plural, instead of the proximal or distal gendered forms.
5 The reflexive third person singular forms (se or s’) for accusative or dative are also used as third person plural reflexive.
6 Vous is also used as the polite singular form, in which case the plural disjunctive tonic vous-mêmes becomes singular vous-même.
7 Ils, eux and eux-mêmes are also used when a group has a mixture of masculine and feminine members.
Further reading
- “t'”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Haitian Creole
Adverb
t'
- contraction of te
Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (before a word starting with a, o, u, fha, fho, or fhu) /t̪ˠ/, (before a word starting with e, i, fhe, or fhi) /tʲ/
Determiner
t’
- (Cois Fharraige) alternative form of d’ (“your (singular)”)
Verb
t'
- (informal) contraction of tá (“is”)
- 1894 March, Peadar Mac Fionnlaoigh, “An rí nach robh le fagháil bháis”, in Irisleabhar na Gaedhilge, volume 1:5, Dublin: Gaelic Union, pages 185–88:
- “T’eagla orm,” dubhairt an rí, “go bhfuil mé caillte, óir budh chóir gur mhac damh atá ’san phlúr seo.”
- “I am afraid I am lost,” said the king, “for it ought to be that this flower is a son of mine.”
Italian
Pronoun
t' (apocopated)
- apocopic form of ti
- T’odio. ― I hate you.
Usage notes
Commonly elides before a vowel, especially i and e.
See also
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Combined | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Louisiana Creole
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t‿/
Etymology 1
Particle
t'
- prevocalic form of té (past tense marker)
Etymology 2
Pronoun
t'
- prevocalic form of to (“you, thou”)
- T'olé ça? ― Do you want that?
Maltese
Preposition
t’
Usage notes
Its use is optional when followed by a vowel sound, and connects to the next word directly without a space, i.e. both t’art as one word and ta’ art as two words are correct.
Manx
Verb
t'
- apocopic form of ta
Sassarese
Pronoun
t'
- apocopic form of ti, used before a vowel
Scottish Gaelic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t̪ʰ/ (before a back vowel sound)
- IPA(key): /tʲʰ/ (before a front vowel sound)
Determiner
t’
- alternative form of d’ (“your”) (second-person singular possessive pronoun)
Yola
Particle
t'
- apocopic form of ta
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:
- T' brek up ee bathès h' had na poustee;
- To break up the goal they had not power;
- 1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX, page 132:
- Tommeen was eepit t' drive in
- [Tommy was put to drive in]
Preposition
t'
- apocopic form of ta
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 9, page 88:
- Na, now or neveare! w' cry't t' Tommeen,
- Nay, now or never! we cry'd to Tommy,
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:
- Oore hart cam' t' oore mouth, an zo w' all ee green;
- Our hearts came to our mouth, and so with all in the green;
- 1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:
- Craneen t' thee wee aam, thee luggès shell aake.
- Choking to thee with them. Thy ears shall ache.
- 1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX, page 131:
- Fad didn'st thou cum t' ouz on zum other dey?
- [Why didn't you come to us on some other day?]
Pronoun
t'
- aphetic form of it; the ball
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:
- Our eein wode b' mistern t' dearnt up ee skee.
- Our eyes would be dazzled (if it)
tolook(hided) up to the sky.
- Our eyes would be dazzled (if it)
- misspelling of 't
References
- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 86