三代

Chinese

		three	dynasty; generation
simp. and trad. (三代)		三	代

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sāndài

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄢㄉㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): saam¹ doi⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sāndài
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄢㄉㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sandài
  - Wade–Giles: san¹-tai⁴
  - Yale: sān-dài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sanday
  - Palladius: саньдай (sanʹdaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sän⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: saam¹ doi⁶
  - Yale: sāam doih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saam¹ doi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: sam¹ doi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːm⁵⁵ tɔːi̯²²/

Middle Chinese: sam dojH

Rime
Character	三	代
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	談 (143)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	蘇甘切	徒耐切
Baxter	sam	dojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɑm/	/dʌi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/sɑm/	/dəi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/sɑm/	/dɒi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sam/	/dəj^H/
Li Rong	/sɑm/	/dᴀi^H/
Wang Li	/sɑm/	/dɒi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/sɑm/	/dʱɑ̆i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sān	dài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saam¹	doi⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.rum lˤək-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*suːm l'ɯːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	三	代
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sān	dài
Middle Chinese	‹ sam ›	‹ doj^H ›
Old Chinese	/s.rum/ (s.r- > s-; infl. by 四 *s-?)	/*lˁək-s/
English	three	replace
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	三	代
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	10963	14963
Phonetic component	三	弋
Rime group	侵	代
Rime subdivision	3	0
Corresponding MC rime	三	代
Old Chinese	/*suːm/	/*l'ɯːɡs/

Proper noun

三代

(historical) the Three Dynasties: a collective name for the pre-imperial dynasties of Xia, Shang and Zhou
- 自三代以下者，天下何其囂囂也？ [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  自三代以下者，天下何其嚣嚣也？ [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Zì sāndài yǐxià zhě, tiānxià hé qí xiāoxiāo yě? [Pinyin]
  From the Three Dynasties up to now, how full of commotion the world has been!

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name	Time period	Divisions
Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代)	2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代)	1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代)	1046 – 256 BCE	Western Zhou 西周
		Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周	Spring and Autumn period 春秋
		Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周	Warring States period 戰國 / 战国
Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代)	221 – 206 BCE
Han 漢 / 汉 (～朝, ～代)	206 BCE – 220 C.E.	Western Han 西漢 / 西汉
		Xin 新 (～朝)
		Eastern Han 東漢 / 东汉
Three Kingdoms 三國 / 三国	220 – 280 C.E.	Wei 魏
		Shu Han 蜀漢 / 蜀汉
		Wu 吳 / 吴
Jin 晉 / 晋 (～朝, ～代)	265 – 420 C.E.	Western Jin 西晉 / 西晋
Jin 晉 / 晋 (～朝, ～代)	265 – 420 C.E.	Eastern Jin 東晉 / 东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝	420 – 589 C.E.	Northern dynasties 北朝	Northern Wei 北魏
			Western Wei 西魏
			Eastern Wei 東魏 / 东魏
			Northern Zhou 北周
			Northern Qi 北齊 / 北齐
		Southern dynasties 南朝	Liu Song 劉宋 / 刘宋
			Southern Qi 南齊 / 南齐
			Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代)
			Chen 陳 / 陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代)	581 – 618 C.E.
Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代)	618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國 / 五代十国	907 – 960 C.E.
Liao 遼 / 辽 (～朝, ～代)	907 – 1125 C.E.
Song 宋 (～朝, ～代)	960 – 1279 C.E.	Northern Song 北宋
Song 宋 (～朝, ～代)	960 – 1279 C.E.	Southern Song 南宋
Western Xia 西夏	1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin 金 (～朝, ～代)	1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao 西遼 / 西辽	1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代)	1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming 明 (～朝, ～代)	1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing 清 (～朝, ～代)	1636 – 1912 C.E.

Noun

三代

three generations (of a family)
great-grandfather, grandfather and father

Derived terms

三代同堂

Chinese

Pronunciation

Proper noun

See also

Noun

Derived terms