民國

Chinese

	the people; nationality; citizen	country; state; nation
trad. (民國)	民	國
simp. (民国)	民	国
anagram	國民／国民

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): mínguó

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): min² gue²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): мингуй (minguy, I-II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): man⁴ gwok³
Gan (Wiktionary): min⁴ guet⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): mìn-koet

(Hailu, HRS): min gued
Jin (Wiktionary): ming¹ gueh⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): mìng-guók
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ming² gorh⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bîn-kok

(Teochew, Peng'im): ming⁵ gog⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶min-koq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): min² gue⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mínguó
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mínguó
  - Wade–Giles: min²-kuo²
  - Yale: mín-gwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mingwo
  - Palladius: миньго (minʹgo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /min³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: min² gue²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mingue
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /min²¹ kuɛ²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: мингуй (minguy, I-II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: man⁴ gwok³
  - Yale: màhn gwok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: man⁴ gwok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: men⁴ guog³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐn²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: min⁴ guet⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /min³⁵ kuɛt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mìn-koet
  - Hakka Romanization System: min^ˇ gued^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: min² gued⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /min¹¹ ku̯et̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: min gued
  - Sinological IPA: /min⁵⁵ kuet⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ming¹ gueh⁶
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /miŋ¹¹ kuəʔ²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mìng-guók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^(k-)ŋuɔʔ²⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ming² gorh⁶ [Phonetic: ming⁴ gorh⁶]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: míng-go̤h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ¹³⁻⁴² kɒʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ming² gorh⁶ [Phonetic: ming⁴ gorh⁶]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ²⁴⁻⁴² kɒʔ²/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ming² gorh⁶ [Phonetic: ming⁴ ngorh⁶]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: míng-go̤h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ¹³⁻⁴² ^(k-)ŋɒʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ming² gorh⁶ [Phonetic: ming⁴ ngorh⁶]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ²⁴⁻⁴² ^(k-)ŋɒʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bîn-kok
  - Tâi-lô: bîn-kok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: binkog
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bin²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bin²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bin¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bin²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bin²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ming⁵ gog⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mîng kok
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kok̚²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶min-koq
  - MiniDict: min^去 koh
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³min-koq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /min²² koʔ⁴⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: min² gue⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /min¹³ ku̯ɤ̞²⁴/

Noun

民國

republic
民國大馬路／民国大马路 ― Mínguó dàmǎlù ― Avenida da República (Road in Macau) (literally "Republic Avenue")
- 1924, “National Anthem of the Republic of China”, Sun Yat-sen (lyrics):
  
  以建民國，以進大同。 [MSC, trad.]
  以建民国，以进大同。 [MSC, simp.]
  Yǐ jiàn mínguó, yǐ jìn dàtóng. [Pinyin]
  To establish the republic, to foster great unity.

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name	Time period	Divisions
Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代)	2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代)	1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代)	1046 – 256 BCE	Western Zhou 西周
		Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周	Spring and Autumn period 春秋
		Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周	Warring States period 戰國 / 战国
Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代)	221 – 206 BCE
Han 漢 / 汉 (～朝, ～代)	206 BCE – 220 C.E.	Western Han 西漢 / 西汉
		Xin 新 (～朝)
		Eastern Han 東漢 / 东汉
Three Kingdoms 三國 / 三国	220 – 280 C.E.	Wei 魏
		Shu Han 蜀漢 / 蜀汉
		Wu 吳 / 吴
Jin 晉 / 晋 (～朝, ～代)	265 – 420 C.E.	Western Jin 西晉 / 西晋
Jin 晉 / 晋 (～朝, ～代)	265 – 420 C.E.	Eastern Jin 東晉 / 东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝	420 – 589 C.E.	Northern dynasties 北朝	Northern Wei 北魏
			Western Wei 西魏
			Eastern Wei 東魏 / 东魏
			Northern Zhou 北周
			Northern Qi 北齊 / 北齐
		Southern dynasties 南朝	Liu Song 劉宋 / 刘宋
			Southern Qi 南齊 / 南齐
			Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代)
			Chen 陳 / 陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代)	581 – 618 C.E.
Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代)	618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國 / 五代十国	907 – 960 C.E.
Liao 遼 / 辽 (～朝, ～代)	907 – 1125 C.E.
Song 宋 (～朝, ～代)	960 – 1279 C.E.	Northern Song 北宋
Song 宋 (～朝, ～代)	960 – 1279 C.E.	Southern Song 南宋
Western Xia 西夏	1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin 金 (～朝, ～代)	1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao 西遼 / 西辽	1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代)	1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming 明 (～朝, ～代)	1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing 清 (～朝, ～代)	1636 – 1912 C.E.

Usage notes

民國／民国 (mínguó) is usually used to refer to the Republic of China or the Republic of Korea. For other republics, 共和國／共和国 (gònghéguó) is used.

Synonyms

共和國／共和国 (gònghéguó)

Derived terms

中華民國 / 中华民国 (Zhōnghuá Mínguó)
大韓民國 / 大韩民国 (Dàhán Mínguó)

Descendants

→ Peranakan Indonesian: binkok
→ Solon: irḡeng gurung (calque)
→ Manchu: ᡳᡵᡤᡝᠨ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (irgen gurun) (calque)

Proper noun

民國

short for 中華民國／中华民国 (Zhōnghuá Mínguó, “Republic of China”)
(chiefly Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau) Republic of China during 1912–1949 before its retreat to Taiwan
the Republic of China era (a Chinese era name; the era beginning with the founding of the Republic of China in 1912)
民國105年／民国105年 ― Mínguó 105 nián ― 105th year of the Republic era (i.e. 2016 A.D.)

Descendants

→ Bouyei: Minfguef
→ Zhuang: Minzgoz

Japanese

Kanji in this term
民	國
みん Grade: 4	こく Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 民國 – see the following entry.

【民国みんこく】

[noun] a republic, now only either the Republic of China or the Republic of Korea

[suffix] (Internet slang, derogatory, offensive, with place name) suffix that indicates many 在(ざい)日(にち) (zainichi) live in the area

(This term, 民國, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
民	國

Noun

民國 • (min'guk) (hangeul 민국)

hanja form^? of 민국 (“republic”)

Okinawan

Kanji in this term
民	國
みん Grade: 4	くく Jinmeiyō

Noun

民(みん)國(くく) (minkuku)

Kyūjitai form of 民国 (“republic”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
民	國

Noun

民國

chữ Hán form of dân quốc (“republic”)

Zhuang

Noun

民國

Sawndip form of minzgoz