中華民國

See also: 中华民国 and 中華民国

Chinese

republic; Republic of China
trad. (中華民國) 中華 民國
simp. (中华民国) 中华 民国

Etymology

Blend of 中華 / 中华 (Zhōnghuá, “China; Chinese”) +‎ 民 (mín, “people; citizens”) +‎ 國 / 国 (guó, “Country”) by Sun Yat-sen. In 1916, he explained the reason for his creation:

諸君知中華民國之意義乎？何以不曰中華共和國，而必曰中華民國？此民字之意義，為僕研究十餘年而得之者。歐美之共和國創建遠在吾國之前，二十世紀之國民，當含有創制之精神，不當自謂能效法於十八、九世紀成法而引以為自足。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
诸君知中华民国之意义乎？何以不曰中华共和国，而必曰中华民国？此民字之意义，为仆研究十余年而得之者。欧美之共和国创建远在吾国之前，二十世纪之国民，当含有创制之精神，不当自谓能效法于十八、九世纪成法而引以为自足。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: 1916, 中華民國之意義 (The meaning of the Republic of China), 國父全集第三冊 (The Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen, volume three), p163.
Zhūjūn zhī zhōnghuámínguó zhī yìyì hū? Héyǐ bù yuē zhōnghuá gònghéguó, ér bì yuē zhōnghuámínguó? Cǐ mín zì zhī yìyì, wèi pú yánjiū shí yú nián ér dézhī zhě. Ōuměi zhī gònghéguó chuàngjiàn yuǎn zài wú guó zhīqián, èrshí shìjì zhī guómín, dāng hányǒu chuàngzhì zhī jīngshén, bùdāng zì wèi néng xiàofǎ yú shíbā, jiǔ shìjì chéngfǎ ér yǐn yǐwèi zìzú. [Pinyin]
Do you know the meaning of Chunghwa Minkuo? Why don't we call it Chunghwa Konghekuo (中華共和國) but rather Chunghwa Minkuo (中華民國)? The meaning of the Chinese character "Min"(民) is the result of my decade-long research. Republics in Europe and the Americas were founded before this state. With our state founded in the 20th century, we shall have the spirit of innovation but not be satisfied with mimicking those founded in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
  • Cantonese
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: zung1 fa4 min4 guet6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡suŋ⁴² fa³⁵ min³⁵ kuɛt̚⁵/
  • Hakka
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: zung1 hua1 ming1 gueh6
      • Sinological IPA (old-style, no sandhi): /t͡suŋ¹¹ xua¹¹ miŋ¹¹ kuəʔ²/
  • Eastern Min
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tyŋ⁵⁵ (h-)ŋua⁵³ miŋ⁵³⁻²¹ (k-)ŋuɔʔ²⁴/
  • Puxian Min
    • (Putian)
      • Pouseng Ping'ing: doeng1 hua2 ming2 gorh6 [Phonetic: doeng5 hua2 ming4 gorh6]
      • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: De̤ng-huá Míng-go̤h
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ hua¹³ miŋ¹³⁻⁴² kɒʔ²¹/
    • (Putian)
      • Pouseng Ping'ing: doeng1 hua2 ming2 gorh6 [Phonetic: doeng5 ngua2 ming4 ngorh6]
      • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: De̤ng-huá Míng-go̤h
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ (h-)ŋua¹³ miŋ¹³⁻⁴² (k-)ŋɒʔ²¹/
    • (Xianyou)
      • Pouseng Ping'ing: dyoeng1 hua2 ming2 gorh6 [Phonetic: dyoeng5 hua2 ming4 gorh6]
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ hua²⁴ miŋ²⁴⁻⁴² kɒʔ²/
    • (Xianyou)
      • Pouseng Ping'ing: dyoeng1 hua2 ming2 gorh6 [Phonetic: dyoeng5 ngua2 ming4 ngorh6]
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ (h-)ŋua²⁴ miŋ²⁴⁻⁴² (k-)ŋɒʔ²/
  • Southern Min
  • Wu
    • (Northern: Shanghai)
      • Wugniu: 1tson-gho 6min-koq
      • MiniDict: tson平 gho min去 koh
      • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 1tson-hho 3min-koq
      • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɦo³³  min²² koʔ⁴⁴/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: zhong1 fa2 min2 gue6
      • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ³³ ɸa̠¹³ min¹³ ku̯ɤ̞²⁴/
      • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /t͡sən³³ ɸa̠¹³ min¹³ ku̯ɤ̞²⁴/

Proper noun

中華民國

  1. Republic of China (official name of Taiwan: a partly-recognized country in East Asia; the rump state left over from the Republic of China on the mainland after 1949)
Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name Time period Divisions
Xia
夏 (～朝, ～代) 		2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang
商 (～朝, ～代)
殷 (～朝, ～代) 		1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou
周 (～朝, ～代) 		1046 – 256 BCE Western Zhou
西周
Eastern Zhou
東周 / 东周		 Spring and Autumn period
春秋
Warring States period
戰國 / 战国
Qin
秦 (～朝, ～代) 		221 – 206 BCE
Han
漢 / 汉 (～朝, ～代) 		206 BCE – 220 C.E. Western Han
西漢 / 西汉
Xin
新 (～朝)
Eastern Han
東漢 / 东汉
Three Kingdoms
三國 / 三国 		220 – 280 C.E. Wei
魏
Shu Han
蜀漢 / 蜀汉
Wu
吳 / 吴
Jin
晉 / 晋 (～朝, ～代) 		265 – 420 C.E. Western Jin
西晉 / 西晋
Eastern Jin
東晉 / 东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties
南北朝 		420 – 589 C.E. Northern dynasties
北朝		 Northern Wei
北魏
Western Wei
西魏
Eastern Wei
東魏 / 东魏
Northern Zhou
北周
Northern Qi
北齊 / 北齐
Southern dynasties
南朝		 Liu Song
劉宋 / 刘宋
Southern Qi
南齊 / 南齐
Liang
梁 (～朝, ～代)
Chen
陳 / 陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui
隋 (～朝, ～代) 		581 – 618 C.E.
Tang
唐 (～朝, ～代) 		618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
五代十國 / 五代十国 		907 – 960 C.E.
Liao
遼 / 辽 (～朝, ～代) 		907 – 1125 C.E.
Song
宋 (～朝, ～代) 		960 – 1279 C.E. Northern Song
北宋
Southern Song
南宋
Western Xia
西夏 		1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin
金 (～朝, ～代) 		1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao
西遼 / 西辽 		1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan
元 (～朝, ～代) 		1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming
明 (～朝, ～代) 		1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing
清 (～朝, ～代) 		1636 – 1912 C.E.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (中華民國):

See also

Japanese

Kanji in this term
中 華 民 國
ちゅう
Grade: 1 		か
Grade: S 		みん
Grade: 4 		こく
Jinmeiyō
on'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 中華民國 – see the following entry.
【中華民国ちゅうかみんこく】
[proper noun] Republic of China (official name of Taiwan: a partly-recognized country in East Asia; the rump state left over from the Republic of China on the mainland after 1949)
(This term, 中華民國, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

See also

Korean

Hanja in this term
中華民國

Proper noun

中華民國 • (junghwa minguk) (hangeul 중화민국)

  1. The template Template:ko-hanja form of does not use the parameter(s): 
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    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    hanja form? of 중화민국 : Republic of China (official name of Taiwan: a partly-recognized country in East Asia; the rump state left over from the Republic of China on the mainland after 1949)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
中華民國

Proper noun

中華民國

  1. chữ Hán form of Trung Hoa Dân Quốc: Republic of China (official name of Taiwan: a partly-recognized country in East Asia; the rump state left over from the Republic of China on the mainland after 1949)
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