See also: and
U+8B92, 讒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B92

[U+8B91]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8B93]

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 149, 言+17, 24 strokes, cangjie input 卜口弓口戈 (YRNRI), four-corner 07616, composition )

Derived characters

  • 𡆙, 𡿣

Further reading

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1187, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36137
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1651, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4032, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+8B92

Chinese

trad.
simp.
alternative forms
⿰訁兔⿰讠兔
𲁰

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zrɯːm, *zraːms): semantic (speech) + phonetic (OC *zrɯːm, *zraːm)

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (20) (20)
Final () (151) (149)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () II II
Fanqie
Baxter dzream dzraemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʒˠɛm/ /d͡ʒˠamH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɖ͡ʐᵚæm/ /ɖ͡ʐᵚamH/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʒɐm/ /d͡ʒamH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɖ͡ʐəɨm/ /ɖ͡ʐaɨmH/
Li
Rong
/d͡ʒɐm/ /d͡ʒamH/
Wang
Li
/d͡ʒɐm/ /d͡ʒamH/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ɖ͡ʐʱăm/ /ɖ͡ʐʱamH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chán zhàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
caam4 zaam6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 1221 1242
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*zrɯːm/ /*zraːms/

Definitions

  1. to slander; to defame; to vilify; to speak maliciously of others
  2. slander; defamation; libel
  3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) slanderer

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (ざん) (zan)
  • Korean: 참(讒) (cham)
  • Vietnamese: sàm ()

Compounds

  • 聽讒 / 听谗
  • 聽讒惑亂 / 听谗惑乱
  • 讒人 / 谗人
  • 讒佞 / 谗佞 (chánnìng)
  • 讒口 / 谗口
  • 讒害 / 谗害 (chánhài)
  • 讒慝 / 谗慝
  • 讒構 / 谗构
  • 讒臣 / 谗臣
  • 讒言 / 谗言 (chányán)
  • 讒言佞語 / 谗言佞语
  • 讒諂 / 谗谄
  • 讒譖 / 谗谮
  • 讒間 / 谗间
  • 讒隙 / 谗隙
  • 讒鼎 / 谗鼎
  • 進讒 / 进谗 (jìnchán)

Japanese

Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: ぜん (zen)ぜむ (zemu, historical)
  • Kan-on: さん (san)さむ (samu, historical)
  • Kan’yō-on: ざん (zan)
  • Kun: そしる (soshiru, 讒る)いつわる (itsuwaru)よこしま (yokoshima)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
ざん
Hyōgai
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC dzream|dzraemH).

Pronunciation

Noun

(ざん) • (zan

  1. false charge; slander; defamation

Derived terms

  • 讒陥(ざんかん) (zankan)
  • 讒言(ざんげん) (zangen)
  • 讒口(ざんこう) (zankō)
  • 讒構(ざんこう) (zankō)
  • 讒者(ざんしゃ) (zansha)
  • 讒臣(ざんしん) (zanshin)
  • (ざん)() (zanso)
  • 讒奏(ざんそう) (zansō)
  • 讒佞(ざんねい) (zannei)
  • (ざん)() (zanbu)
  • 讒謗(ざんぼう) (zanbō)
  • (ざん)する (zansuru)

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC dzream|dzraemH). Recorded as Middle Korean (cham) (Yale: cham) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

(eumhun 참소할 (chamsohal cham))

  1. hanja form? of (to slander)

Compounds

  • 기참 (譏讒, gicham)
  • 무참 (誣讒, mucham)
  • 참구 (讒口, chamgu)
  • 참구 (讒構, chamgu)
  • 참기 (讒譏, chamgi)
  • 참녕 (讒佞, chamnyeong)
  • 참무 (讒誣, chammu)
  • 참방 (讒謗, chambang)
  • 참부 (讒夫, chambu)
  • 참설 (讒舌, chamseol)
  • 참설 (讒說, chamseol)
  • 참소 (讒訴, chamso)
  • 참신 (讒臣, chamsin)
  • 참언 (讒言, chameon)
  • 참인 (讒人, chamin)
  • 참자 (讒者, chamja)
  • 참주 (讒奏, chamju)
  • 참질 (讒嫉, chamjil)
  • 참첨 (讒諂, chamcheom)
  • 참투 (讒妬, chamtu)
  • 참함 (讒陷, chamham)
  • 참훼 (讒毁, chamhwe)
  • 청참 (聽讒, cheongcham)
  • 훼참 (毁讒, hwecham)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: sàm (()(hàm)(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], gièm[4]
: Nôm readings: gièm[1][2][3][4][5][6], sàm[1][2][3][4][6], xàm[3][7][5][6], sòm[3][7][4], sờm[1][3], sồm[3], sóm[4]

  1. chữ Hán form of sàm (to slander)
  2. chữ Nôm form of gièm (to slander)
  3. chữ Nôm form of xàm (to chatter; to prattle)

Compounds

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Trần (2004).
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Bonet (1899).
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Génibrel (1898).
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. 7.0 7.1 Hồ (1976).