tona

tona (plural tonas)

1. Alternative form of tonal (“animal companion”).

• NATO, NOTA, Nato, anot, nato, nota

• IPA^(key): /tona/ [t̪o.na]
• Rhymes: -ona, -a
• Hyphenation: to‧na

Probably borrowed from Occitan tona.

tona inan

1. ton

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

tona inan

1. (chiefly Soule) stain, spot

   Synonym: orban

• “tona”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
• “tona”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Inherited from Late Latin tunna. Doublet of tonya. Cognate with Portuguese, Galician, and Spanish tonel.

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈto.nə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈto.na]

tona f (plural tones)

1. tun (cask with a capacity of more than 500 liters)
2. ton, tonne

• tonatge
• tonell

• “tona”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “tona”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
• “tona” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “tona” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

tona

1. (intransitive) to be sunny

• to̱na (Mecayapan and Tatahuicapan)
• tuna (Tetelcingo)

• IPA^(key): /toːna/
• IPA^(key): /tuna/ (Tetelcingo)

tōna

1. (intransitive) To shine; be sunny.
2. (intransitive) To be warm.

• Brewer, Forrest, Jean G. Brewer (1962) Vocabulario mexicano de Telecingo, Morelos: castellano-mexicano, mexicano-castellano, México: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 19, 50, 242
• Karttunen, Francis (1983) An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl, Austin: University of Texas Press, page 245
• Lockhart, James (2001) Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts, Stanford: Stanford University Press, page 240
• Wolgemuth, Carl et al. (2002) Diccionario náhuatl de los municipios de Mecayapan y Tatahuicapan de Juárez, Veracruz‎^[3], 2nd electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 194, 261

tona

1. (colloquial) essive singular of toi

• Nato, anot, anto, nato, otan, tano, taon

From Old Galician-Portuguese tona (attested since the 14th century in Galician texts). From a local Celtic substrate language,^[1] from Proto-Celtic *tonnā or *tondā (“skin”); from Proto-Indo-European *tend-, from *temh₂- (“to cut”). Compare Portuguese tona and Old Irish tonn (“skin, surface”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈtonɐ/

tona f (plural tonas)

1. film (solid or opaque layer on a liquid)
   • 1746-1755, Martín Sarmiento, Catálogo de voces y frases de la lengua gallega:

     tona. Es la tez o nata que cría cualquiera líquido.

     "tona": it is the film or pellicule which is generated on any liquid

2. rind (of a vegetable, of cheese)
   • 1840, Antonio María de la Iglesia, Poesía, page 39:

     non ten pelo na cachola qu'é de tona de cabazo

     he has no hair in his head, which is made of rind of pumpkin

3. bark
4. surface or upper layer of the soil

• estonar

• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “tona”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “tona”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “tona”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “tona”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “tona”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

tona

1. to hit

From Proto-Philippine *tuna, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.

tona

1. A kind of freshwater eel.

• Ibatan-English Dictionary

From Dutch tonen, plural of toon, from Middle Dutch toon, ultimately from Latin tonus.

• IPA^(key): [ˈtona]
• Hyphenation: to‧na

tona (plural tona-tona)

1. (linguistics) tone: the pitch of a word that distinguishes a difference in meaning, for example in Chinese

• ton

• “tona” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

tona

1. inflection of tonare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

• OTAN, anto-, nato, nota, onta

tonā

1. second-person singular present active imperative of tonō

• "tona", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

tona f

1. ton

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.

tona

1. A species of very large nocturnal serpent.

   Synonym: dona

2. (figurative) An eel too large to be used as food because of its resemblance to a tona.

• tona in Malagasy dictionaries at malagasyword.org

From Proto-Polynesian *jona (“yaws”) (compare with Hawaiian kona and konakona (“wart”), Tahitian tona (“wart, chancre”) and Tongan tona (“yaws”)).^[1][2][3]

tona

1. wart, corn, nodule

• “tona” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• Audio:

  (file)

tona f (plural tonas)

1. ton

Attested since the 14th century in Galician texts and since the 16th century in Portugal. From a local Celtic substrate language, from Proto-Celtic *tonnā (“skin”), from Proto-Indo-European *temh₂- (“to cut”).

tona f (plural tonas)

1. film, rind, bark, peel
   • c. 1390, J. Luis Pensado Tomé, editor, Miragres de Santiago, page 96:

     chantarõ suas lanças ante as tẽdas, et en outro dia manãa acharõnas estar frolidas et cõ tona

     they stuck their spears in front of their tents, and the next day in the morning they found them with bark and blooming

   • c. 1409, Gerardo Pérez Barcala, editor, A tradución galega do "Liber de Medicina Equorum" de Jordanus Ruffus, page 172:

     Para esto val moito as favas esbrugadas, sen tona, e ben coitas con geullas novas de porco e poñanas tibias sobr[e]lo inchaço

     To this end it is very helpful to use skinned beans, without their peel, well cooked with fresh pork lard and they must put them lukewarm over the swelling

• Galician: tona
• Portuguese: tona

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “tona”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “tona”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

From Proto-Nguni [Term?].

toná

1. they, them; class 8 absolute pronoun.

From Proto-Nguni [Term?].

toná

1. they, them; class 10 absolute pronoun.

• tonna (obsolete)

Borrowed from French tonne.^[1][2] First attested in the 19th century.^[3]

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɔ.na/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔna
• Syllabification: to‧na

tona f (related adjective tonowy)

1. (metrology) tonne, ton (one thousand kilograms)
2. (colloquial, figurative) ton (large, excessive, or overwhelming amount of anything)

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), tona is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 21 times in scientific texts, 56 times in news, 34 times in essays, 1 time in fiction, and 2 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 114 times, making it the 538th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[4]

• tona in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• tona in Polish dictionaries at PWN

• IPA^(key): /tôna/
• Hyphenation: to‧na

tȍna f (Cyrillic spelling то̏на)

1. tonne
2. ton (2240 pounds)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): [ˈtɔna]

tona f (relational adjective tonový)

1. ton

• “tona”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

tona f

1. ton

From Proto-Bantu [Term?].

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

-tona (infinitive kutona)

1. to drip, leak

Conjugation of -tona
Positive present -natona Subjunctive -tone Negative -toni Imperative singular tona
Infinitives
Positive kutona Negative kutotona
Imperatives
Singular tona Plural toneni
Tensed forms
Habitual hutona Positive past positive subject concord + -litona Negative past negative subject concord + -kutona
Positive present (positive subject concord + -natona) Singular Plural 1st person ninatona/natona tunatona 2nd person unatona mnatona 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anatona wanatona other classes positive subject concord + -natona
Negative present (negative subject concord + -toni) Singular Plural 1st person sitoni hatutoni 2nd person hutoni hamtoni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hatoni hawatoni other classes negative subject concord + -toni
Positive future positive subject concord + -tatona Negative future negative subject concord + -tatona
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -tone) Singular Plural 1st person nitone tutone 2nd person utone mtone 3rd person m-wa(I/II) atone watone other classes positive subject concord + -tone
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sitone Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngetona Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singetona Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalitona Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalitona
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atona) Singular Plural 1st person natona twatona 2nd person watona mwatona 3rd person m-wa(I/II) atona watona m-mi(III/IV) watona yatona ji-ma(V/VI) latona yatona ki-vi(VII/VIII) chatona vyatona n(IX/X) yatona zatona u(XI) watona see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwatona pa(XVI) patona mu(XVIII) mwatona
Perfect positive subject concord + -metona "Already" positive subject concord + -meshatona "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jatona "If/When" positive subject concord + -kitona "If not" positive subject concord + -sipotona Consecutive katona / positive subject concord + -katona Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -katone
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nitona -tutona 2nd person -kutona -watona/-kutoneni/-watoneni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mtona -watona m-mi(III/IV) -utona -itona ji-ma(V/VI) -litona -yatona ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kitona -vitona n(IX/X) -itona -zitona u(XI) -utona see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kutona pa(XVI) -patona mu(XVIII) -mutona Reflexive -jitona
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tona- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -tonaye -tonao m-mi(III/IV) -tonao -tonayo ji-ma(V/VI) -tonalo -tonayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -tonacho -tonavyo n(IX/X) -tonayo -tonazo u(XI) -tonao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -tonako pa(XVI) -tonapo mu(XVIII) -tonamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tona) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yetona -otona m-mi(III/IV) -otona -yotona ji-ma(V/VI) -lotona -yotona ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chotona -vyotona n(IX/X) -yotona -zotona u(XI) -otona see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kotona pa(XVI) -potona mu(XVIII) -motona
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

From Proto-Nguni [Term?].

toná

1. they, them; class 8 absolute pronoun.

From Proto-Nguni [Term?].

toná

1. they, them; class 10 absolute pronoun.

• Audio:

  (file)

tona (present tonar, preterite tonade, supine tonat, imperative tona)

1. (usually with fram (“forth”)) to slowly emerge (from notion of slowly shifting in tone)

   En pizza tonade fram ur dimman

   A pizza emerged ("toned forth") from the fog

2. to tone, to tint (give a different shade of color)

   tona håret

   tone one's hair

3. to sound (in tones)

• ton
• toning

• tona in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• tona in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• tona in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

• Nato, nota

From Proto-Polynesian *jona (“yaws”) (compare with Hawaiian kona and konakona (“wart”), Maori tona (“wart, nodule”) and Tongan tona (“yaws”)).^[1][2]

tona

1. wart, chancre

• Yves Lemaître, Lexique du tahitien contemporain (Current Tahitian lexicon), 1995.
• “tona” in Dictionnaire en ligne Tahitien/Français (Online Tahitian–French Dictionary), by the Tahitian Academy.

• IPA^(key): [ˈto.na]
• Hyphenation: to‧na

From Proto-Polynesian *te-o-na. Cognates include Hawaiian kona and Samoan lona.

tona

1. (inalienable, definite) his, her

From Proto-Polynesian *tona-tona (“clitoris”). Cognates include Maori tonetone and Samoan tona.

tona

1. (vulgar) anus

• R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎^[4], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 397

From Proto-Polynesian *jona (“yaws”) (compare with Hawaiian kona and konakona (“wart”), Tahitian tona (“wart, chancre”) and Maori tona (“wart, nodule”)).^[1][2]

tona

1. yaws

tona

1. (anatomy) leg

From Proto-Philippine *tuna, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.

tona

1. eel

• Yami (Tao) Dictionary Project