幹

See also: 干 and 榦
幹 U+5E79, 幹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E79
← 幸
[U+5E78] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 幺 →
[U+5E7A]

Translingual

Han character

幹 (Kangxi radical 51, 干+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 十十人一十 (JJOMJ), four-corner 48441, composition ⿰𠦝𫢉)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 341, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9183
  • Dae Jaweon: page 650, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 409, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5E79

Chinese

trad. 幹
simp. 干*
alternative forms 榦／干
𫢉

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
訐 *krads, *krads, *ked, *kad
肝 *kaːn
竿 *kaːn
干 *kaːn
奸 *kaːn
玕 *kaːn
汗 *kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns
迀 *kaːn
忓 *kaːn, *ɡaːns
鳱 *kaːn
邗 *kaːn, *ɡaːn
秆 *kaːnʔ
矸 *kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns
仠 *kaːnʔ
皯 *kaːnʔ
衦 *kaːnʔ
簳 *kaːnʔ
擀 *kaːnʔ
旰 *kaːns
盰 *kaːns
幹 *kaːns
杆 *kaːns
骭 *kaːns, *ɡraːns
桿 *kaːnʔ
趕 *kaːnʔ
稈 *kaːnʔ
刊 *kʰaːn
靬 *kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan
衎 *kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns
犴 *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns
豻 *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̊ʰraːn
頇 *ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd
岸 *ŋɡaːns
鼾 *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns
罕 *qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns
焊 *qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns
蔊 *qʰaːnʔ
虷 *ɡaːn
旱 *ɡaːnʔ
皔 *ɡaːnʔ
釬 *ɡaːns
扞 *ɡaːns
閈 *ɡaːns
馯 *ɡaːns, *kʰraːn
捍 *ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ
悍 *ɡaːns
銲 *ɡaːns
垾 *ɡaːns
駻 *ɡaːns
睅 *ɡʷranʔ
娨 *ɡraːns
飦 *kan
赶 *ɡan, *ɡʷad
軒 *qʰan
蓒 *qʰan
酐 *qʰaːŋʔ
澣 *ɡʷaːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaːns): semantic 倝 + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn).

Etymology 1

The vulgar sense entered Mandarin from Hokkien 姦／奸 (kàn), as 姦 shares the same pronunciation with 幹 in Hokkien.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • gáng - literary;
  • guāng - colloquial.
Rime
Character 幹
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古案切
Baxter kanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kanH/
Li
Rong 		/kɑnH/
Wang
Li 		/kɑnH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gon3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 幹
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kanH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ˁar-s/
English stem; framework

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 幹
Reading # 1/1
No. 3587
Phonetic
component 		干
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		旰
Old
Chinese 		/*kaːns/

Definitions

幹

  1. main part of something; body; trunk
    樹幹／树干  ―  shùgàn  ―  trunk of a plant
    軀幹／躯干  ―  qūgàn  ―  body of animals
    幹道／干道  ―  gàndào  ―  main road; high street
  2. (colloquial) to do
    你在幹什麼？／你在干什么？  ―  Nǐ zài gàn shénme?  ―  What are you doing?
    幹革命靠的是毛澤東思想。 [MSC, trad.]
    干革命靠的是毛泽东思想。 [MSC, simp.]
    Gàn gémìng kào de shì Máozédōngsīxiǎng. [Pinyin]
    Making revolution depends on Mao Zedong thought.
  3. to work
    幹活／干活  ―  gànhuó  ―  to work
    你是幹什麼的？／你是干什么的？  ―  Nǐ shì gàn shénme de?  ―  What is your job?
  4. (vulgar) to fuck; to engage in sexual intercourse
    幹恁娘！／干恁娘！ [Hokkien]  ―  Kàn-lín-niâ! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Fuck your mother!
    幹你媽！／干你妈！  ―  Gàn nǐ mā!  ―  Fuck your mother!
  5. (vulgar) to kill
    幹掉他！／干掉他！  ―  Gàndiào tā!  ―  Kill him!
  6. (vulgar, chiefly Taiwan) to steal
    誰幹走了我的筆？！ [MSC, trad.]
    谁干走了我的笔？！ [MSC, simp.]
    Shéi gàn zǒu le wǒ de bǐ?! [Pinyin]
    Who stole my pen?!
  7. (vulgar, chiefly Taiwan) to blame; to condemn
    公幹／公干  ―  gōng gàn  ―  criticized by everyone
  8. (Taiwan, vulgar, colloquial) Expressing dismay or discontent.
  9. (dialectal Mandarin) to sort someone out
    信不信我幹你？／信不信我干你？ [Northeastern Mandarin]  ―  Xìn bù xìn wǒ gàn nǐ? [Pinyin]  ―  Believe it or not, I'll sort you out .
Synonyms
  • (to do):
  • (to fuck):
Dialectal synonyms of 肏 (“to fuck; to have sex with”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 肏1, 日, 弄
Taiwan 幹, 肏1
Harbin 肏1
Shenyang 肏1
Malaysia 幹
Singapore 幹
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 肏1
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 肏1
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 日, 尻
Wanrong 日
Xi'an 窄, 失
Xining 日
Xuzhou 日, 尻, 操, 肏1
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 日
Lanzhou 日
Ürümqi 日
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 日
Wuhan 日, 搞
Guiyang 日, 肏1
Kunming 日
Guilin 屌, 肏1
Liuzhou 屌, 肏1
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 日, 操
Yangzhou 入
Hefei 弄
Cantonese Guangzhou 屌
Hong Kong 屌
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 屌
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 屌
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 屌
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 屌
Macau 屌
Guangzhou (Panyu) 屌
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 屌
Guangzhou (Conghua) 屌
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 屌
Foshan 屌
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 屌
Foshan (Shunde) 屌
Foshan (Sanshui) 屌
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 屌
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 屌
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 屌
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 屌
Zhuhai (Doumen) 屌
Jiangmen (Baisha) 屌
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 屌
Taishan 屌
Kaiping (Chikan) 屌
Enping (Niujiang) 屌
Heshan (Yayao) 屌
Dongguan 屌
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 屌
Qingyuan 屌
Fogang 屌
Yingde (Hanguang) 屌
Yangshan 屌
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 屌
Shaoguan 屌
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 屌
Renhua 屌
Lechang 屌
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 屌
Sihui 屌
Guangning 屌
Deqing 屌
Huaiji 屌
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 屌
Yunfu 屌
Xinxing 屌
Luoding 屌
Yunan (Pingtai) 屌
Yangjiang 屌
Xinyi 屌
Lianjiang 屌
Beihai 屌
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 屌
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 屌
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 屌
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 屌
Penang (Guangfu) 屌
Singapore (Guangfu) 屌
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 屌
Móng Cái 屌
Gan Nanchang 戳
Lichuan 戳
Pingxiang 戳
Hakka Meixian 屌
Xingning 屌
Dabu (Xihe) 屌
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 屌
Huidong (Daling) 屌
Dongguan (Qingxi) 屌
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 屌
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 屌
Wuhua (Huacheng) 屌
Heyuan (Bendihua) 屌
Wengyuan 屌
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 屌
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 屌
Liannan 屌
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 屌
Jiexi 屌
Changting 屌
Wuping 屌
Wuping (Yanqian) 屌
Wuping (Pingyu) 屌
Liancheng 屌
Ninghua 屌
Yudu 屌, 戳
Ningdu 屌
Ruijin 屌
Shicheng 屌
Shangyou (Shexi) 屌
Tonggu (Sandu) 屌, 戳
Ganzhou (Panlong) 屌
Dayu 屌
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 屌
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 屌
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 屌
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 屌
Hong Kong 屌
Yangxi (Tangkou) 屌
Yangchun (Sanjia) 屌
Xinyi (Sihe) 屌
Xinyi (Qianpai) 屌
Gaozhou (Xindong) 屌
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 屌
Huazhou (Xin'an) 屌
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 屌
Lianjiang (Qingping) 屌
Mengshan (Xihe) 屌
Luchuan 屌
Sabah (Longchuan) 屌
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 屌
Jin Taiyuan 透, 肏1, 日
Xinzhou 透, 日
Linhe 透
Jining 透
Hohhot 透
Baotou 透
Northern Min Jian'ou 饁
Eastern Min Fuzhou 𠚺
Fuzhou (Changle) 𠚺
Fuqing 𠚺
Gutian 𠚺
Fu'an 操
Ningde 操
Shouning 戳
Zhouning 戳
Fuding 操
Southern Min Xiamen 姦
Xiamen (Tong'an) 箍
Quanzhou 使, 獛
Jinjiang 使
Nan'an 使
Hui'an 使
Anxi 使
Yongchun 使
Dehua 使
Zhangzhou 姦, 躄
Taipei 姦
Kaohsiung 姦
Yilan 姦
Taichung 姦
Tainan 姦
Taitung 姦
Penang (Hokkien) 姦
Singapore (Hokkien) 姦, 使
Manila (Hokkien) 使
Chaozhou 甫
Shantou 甫
Shantou (Chenghai) 甫
Shantou (Chaoyang) 甫
Jieyang 甫
Lufeng 甫
Haifeng 甫
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 甫
Singapore (Teochew) 甫
Leizhou 肏4
Wenchang 肏4
Haikou 肏4
Puxian Min Putian 騷
Xianyou 騷
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 屌
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 屌
Wu Shanghai 戳
Shanghai (Chongming) 戳
Suzhou 戳
Haining (Yanguan) 戳
Danyang 肏5
Ningbo 嬉
Wenzhou 裝
Jinhua 弄, 入
Xiang Changsha 肏3
Loudi 肏3
Shuangfeng 肏3

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Proto-Tai: *kaːnꟲ
    • Lao: ກ້ານ (kān)
    • Shan: ၵၢၼ်ႈ (kāan)
    • Thai: ก้าน (gâan)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

幹

  1. just
  2. calm
  3. alternative form of 干 (“heavenly stem”)
  4. dead

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 幹
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ han ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]ˁar/
English wall of a well

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

幹

  1. alternative form of 韓 / 韩 (hán, “fence around a well”)

References

Japanese

Kanji

幹

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
  • Kun: みき (miki, 幹, Jōyō)、から (kara, 幹)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
幹
みき
Grade: 5
kun'yomi

Originally a compound of 身(み) (mi, “body”) + 木(き) (ki, “tree”).[1][2][3]

First cited to a text from 1726.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

幹(みき) • (miki) 

  1. [from 1726] the trunk or core of something:
    1. a tree trunk
    2. a plant stalk

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
幹
から
Grade: 5
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 幹 – see the following entry.
【柄から】S
[counter] used to count items with shafts
[noun] the trunk or stem of a plant
[noun] the shaft of an arrow
[noun] the shaft, haft, or handle of a tool
[prefix] describes something with a stem, shaft, or handle
(This term, 幹, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
幹
かん
Grade: 5
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 幹 (MC kanH).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Affix

幹(かん) • (kan) 

  1. tree trunk; stem
  2. main part; core
  3. talent; capability
Derived terms

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “幹”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ “幹”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

幹 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

幹: Hán Việt readings: can, cán, hàn
幹: Nôm readings: cán

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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