昨夜

Chinese

yesterday night
simp. and trad.
(昨夜) 		昨 夜

Pronunciation

Note: zok6 je6 - prescribed.
Rime
Character 昨 夜
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 從 (15) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 鐸 (103) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 在各切 羊謝切
Baxter dzak yaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡zɑk̚/ /jiaH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡zɑk̚/ /jiaH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡zɑk̚/ /iaH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡zak̚/ /jiaH/
Li
Rong 		/d͡zɑk̚/ /iaH/
Wang
Li 		/d͡zɑk̚/ /jĭaH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/d͡zʱɑk̚/ /i̯aH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zuó yè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zok6 je6

Noun

昨夜

  1. last night

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 昨晚 (“last night”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 昔者, 昨夜
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 昨晚, 昨夜
Northeastern Mandarin Harbin 夜下黑兒, 夜黑家
Singapore 昨晚
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 夜黑間
Xi'an 夜黑, 夜黑咧
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 夜兒黑裡
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 昨晚些, 昨天晚些
Guiyang 昨晚上
Cantonese Guangzhou 琴晚, 尋晚, 琴晚黑, 尋晚黑
Hong Kong 琴晚, 尋晚
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 昨晚黑
Macau 尋晚
Guangzhou (Panyu) 琴晚
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 尋晚夜
Guangzhou (Conghua) 昨晚
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 昨晚
Foshan 琴晚
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 琴晚
Foshan (Shunde) 琴晚
Foshan (Sanshui) 琴晚
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 琴日夜晚
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 昨晚
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 琴晚
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 尋晚
Zhuhai (Doumen) 昨晚
Jiangmen (Baisha) 尋晚
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 昨晚
Taishan 昨晚
Kaiping (Chikan) 昨晚晚黑
Enping (Niujiang) 住日晚
Heshan (Yayao) 昨晚
Dongguan 昨晚
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 昨晚
Singapore (Guangfu) 琴晚, 尋晚
Hakka Meixian 秋晡夜
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 昨晚黑
Dongguan (Qingxi) 參晚夜
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 昨晚日晚夜
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 參日晚
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 查晡夜
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 昨暗晡
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 昨暗晡
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 昨暗晡
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 昨暗晡
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 昨暗晡
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 昨暗夜
Eastern Min Fuzhou 昨暝晡
Southern Min Xiamen 昨暝
Quanzhou 昨暝
Hui'an 昨暝
Zhangzhou 昨暝
Zhao'an 昨昏
Tainan 昨暝, 昨暗
Penang (Hokkien) 昨暝
Singapore (Hokkien) 昨暝
Manila (Hokkien) 昨暗
Chaozhou 昨暝, 昨眠囝
Shantou 昨暝
Shantou (Chaoyang) 昨暝
Jieyang 昨暝, 昨暝暗
Singapore (Teochew) 昨暝
Leizhou 昨暝, 昨暝昏
Haikou 昨暝, 昨晡暝昏
Singapore (Hainanese) 昨暝
Puxian Min Putian 夙暝
Xianyou 夙暝
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 崇麻昏
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 昨夜
Wu Jinhua 昨夜, 昨日兒夜頭
Xiang Hengyang 昨夜巴

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (昨夜):
  • → Japanese: 昨(さく)夜(や) (sakuya)
  • → Korean: 작야(昨夜) (jagya)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
昨 夜
さく
Grade: 4 		や
Grade: 2
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 昨夜 (MC dzak yaeH).

Pronunciation

Noun

昨(さく)夜(や) • (sakuya) 

  1. (formal) last night

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
昨 夜
ゆうべ
Grade: 4 Grade: 2
jukujikun

Shift from 夕べ (yūbe, “evening”), which has an additional 平板型 (heiban-gata) or [0] accent pitch.

The kanji spelling is from sakuya above.

Cognate with Northern Amami Ōshima ゆぶぃ (yubï, “last night”).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) ゆうべ [yùúbéꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[1]
  • IPA(key): [jɯ̟ːbe̞]

Noun

昨夜(ゆうべ) • (yūbe) ←ゆふべ (yufube)?

  1. (colloquial) last night

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
昨 夜
ゆんべ
Grade: 4 Grade: 2
jukujikun

/juɸube/ → */juːbe/ → /junbe/ → /jumbe/

Shift from yūbe above.[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) ゆんべ [yùńbéꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[1] as a noun
  • (Tokyo) ゆんべ [yùńbé] (Heiban – [0])[1] when used adverbially
  • IPA(key): [jɯ̟̃mbe̞]

Noun

昨夜(ゆんべ) • (yunbe) 

  1. (archaic, colloquial) last night, yestereve, yesternight

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
昨 夜
よべ
Grade: 4 Grade: 2
jukujikun

The kanji spelling is from sakuya above.

Noun

昨夜(よべ) • (yobe) 

  1. (archaic, obsolete) last night, yestereve, yesternight

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
昨 夜
よんべ
Grade: 4 Grade: 2
jukujikun

/jobe/ → */joːbe/ → /jonbe/ → /jombe/

Shift from yobe above.[1][2]

The kanji spelling is from sakuya above.

Noun

昨夜(よんべ) • (yonbe) 

  1. (archaic, obsolete) last night, yestereve, yesternight

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
昨 夜
きそ
Grade: 4 Grade: 2
jukujikun
For pronunciation and definitions of 昨夜 – see the following entry.
【昨日きそ】
[noun] last night
[noun] yesterday
(This term, 昨夜, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

See also

Related terms

Coordinate terms

時 (“Time”)
日 (“Day”) 週 (“Week”) 月 (“Month”) 年 (“Year”) 暁 (“Morning”) 朝 (“Morning”) 夕 (“Evening”) 晩 (“Evening”) 夜 (“Night”)
Every 毎日, 日日 毎週 毎月, 月月 毎年, 年年 毎朝 毎晩 毎夜
Every other 隔週 隔月 隔年
Whole 日間, 日中, 終日 週間 月間 年間, 年中, 終年 夜間, 夜中, 終夜
Half 半日 半月 半年
Absolute −3 一昨昨日, 一昨々日 一昨昨年, 再昨年
−2 一昨日 先々週 先々月 一昨年 一昨朝 一昨晩 一昨夜
−1 昨日 先週, 昨週 先月, 後月, 去月, 昨月 去年, 昨年, 旧年 昨暁 昨朝 昨夕 昨晩 昨夜
0 今日, 本日 今週 今月, 本月 今年, 本年 今暁 今朝 今夕 今晩, 今宵 今夜
+1 明日 来週, 次週 来月 来年, 明年 明朝 明晩 明夜
+2 明後日 再来週 再来月 再来年, 明後年
+3 明明後日, 弥の明後日
+4 弥の明後日, 明明後日, 明明明後日
Relative −2 前前日 前前週 前前月 前前年
−1 前日 前週 前月 前年 前夕 前夜
0 当日, 同日 当週 当月 当年, 同年 当夜
+1 翌日 翌週 翌月 翌年 翌朝 翌晩
+2 翌翌日 翌翌週 翌翌月 翌翌年
Usage note: 前 and 翌 may be repeated further or instead use the 々 iteration mark

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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