明年
Chinese
clear; bright; to understand clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty |
year | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (明年) |
明 | 年 | |
| alternative forms | 門年／门年 (men-) Northern Wu/Huai | ||
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ming4 nin4-2 / ming4 nin4
- Gan (Wiktionary): 'miang4 nyien4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ming1 nie1
- Northern Min (KCR): mâng-nîng
- Eastern Min (BUC): màng-nièng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6min-gni6
- Xiang
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: míngnián
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: míngnián
- Wade–Giles: ming2-nien2
- Yale: míng-nyán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mingnian
- Palladius: миннянь (minnjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /miŋ³⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: min2 nyian2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: minnian
- Sinological IPA (key): /min²¹ nʲiɛn²¹/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: mínlien [Phonetic: mǐnlien]
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): min2 lien0 [Phonetic: min3 lien0]
- Sinological IPA (key): /mĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ liẽ/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ming4 nin4-2 / ming4 nin4
- Yale: mìhng nín / mìhng nìhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: ming4 nin4-2 / ming4 nin4
- Guangdong Romanization: ming4 nin4-2 / ming4 nin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɪŋ²¹ niːn²¹⁻³⁵/, /mɪŋ²¹ niːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: miàng-ngièn / màng-ngièn / mìn-ngièn
- Hakka Romanization System: miangˇ ngienˇ / mangˇ ngienˇ / minˇ ngienˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: miang2 ngian2 / mang2 ngian2 / min2 ngian2
- Sinological IPA: /mi̯aŋ¹¹ ŋi̯en¹¹/, /maŋ¹¹ ŋi̯en¹¹/, /min¹¹ ŋi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: miàng-ngiàn / mìn-ngiàn
- Hakka Romanization System: miangˇ ngianˇ / minˇ ngianˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: miang2 ngian2 / min2 ngian2
- Sinological IPA: /mi̯aŋ¹¹ ŋi̯an¹¹/, /min¹¹ ŋi̯an¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: miang2 ngian2
- Sinological IPA: /miaŋ¹¹ ŋian¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
Note:
- miàng-ngièn/màng-ngièn - vernacular;
- mìn-ngièn - literary.
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mâng-nîng
- Sinological IPA (key): /maŋ³³ niŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Tainan, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mê-nî
- Tâi-lô: mê-nî
- Phofsit Daibuun: menii
- IPA (Xiamen): /mẽ²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴/
- IPA (Yilan, Tainan): /mẽ²⁴⁻³³ nĩ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /mẽ²³⁻³³ nĩ²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Sanxia, Hsinchu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môa-nî
- Tâi-lô: muâ-nî
- Phofsit Daibuun: moanii
- IPA (Taipei): /muã²⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /muã²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Kinmen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bîn-nî
- Tâi-lô: bîn-nî
- Phofsit Daibuun: binnii
- IPA (Quanzhou): /bin²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴/
- IPA (Kinmen): /bin²⁴⁻¹² nĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mêe-nî
- Tâi-lô: mêe-nî
- IPA (Penang): /mɛ²³⁻²¹ ni²³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɛ̃¹³⁻²² nĩ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Hui'an)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môa-lîn
- Tâi-lô: muâ-lîn
- Phofsit Daibuun: moaliin
- IPA (Hui'an): /muã²⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Tainan, Magong)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mî-nî
- Tâi-lô: mî-nî
- Phofsit Daibuun: minii
- IPA (Tainan): /mĩ²⁴⁻³³ nĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mâ-nî
- Tâi-lô: mâ-nî
- Phofsit Daibuun: manii
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /mã²³⁻³³ nĩ²³/
- IPA (Taipei): /mã²⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bêng-liân
- Tâi-lô: bîng-liân
- Phofsit Daibuun: benglieen
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ¹³⁻²² liɛn¹³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: mê5 ni5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mê nî
- Sinological IPA (key): /me⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ni⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Tainan, Taichung)
- Wu
- Xiang
- Middle Chinese: mjaeng nen
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mraŋ C.nˤi[ŋ]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mraŋ niːŋ/
Noun
明年
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 明年 (“next year”) [map]
- (the second year): 翌年 (yìnián)
Further reading
- “明年”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 明 | 年 |
| みょう Grade: 2 |
ねん Grade: 1 |
Noun
明年 • (myōnen)
Coordinate terms
| 時 (“Time”) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 日 (“Day”) | 週 (“Week”) | 月 (“Month”) | 年 (“Year”) | 暁 (“Morning”) | 朝 (“Morning”) | 夕 (“Evening”) | 晩 (“Evening”) | 夜 (“Night”) | ||
| Every | 毎日, 日日 | 毎週 | 毎月, 月月 | 毎年, 年年 | 毎朝 | 毎晩 | 毎夜 | |||
| Every other | 隔週 | 隔月 | 隔年 | |||||||
| Whole | 日間, 日中, 終日 | 週間 | 月間 | 年間, 年中, 終年 | 夜間, 夜中, 終夜 | |||||
| Half | 半日 | 半月 | 半年 | |||||||
| Absolute | −3 | 一昨昨日, 一昨々日 | 一昨昨年, 再昨年 | |||||||
| −2 | 一昨日 | 先々週 | 先々月 | 一昨年 | 一昨朝 | 一昨晩 | 一昨夜 | |||
| −1 | 昨日 | 先週, 昨週 | 先月, 後月, 去月, 昨月 | 去年, 昨年, 旧年 | 昨暁 | 昨朝 | 昨夕 | 昨晩 | 昨夜 | |
| 0 | 今日, 本日 | 今週 | 今月, 本月 | 今年, 本年 | 今暁 | 今朝 | 今夕 | 今晩, 今宵 | 今夜 | |
| +1 | 明日 | 来週, 次週 | 来月 | 来年, 明年 | 明朝 | 明晩 | 明夜 | |||
| +2 | 明後日 | 再来週 | 再来月 | 再来年, 明後年 | ||||||
| +3 | 明明後日, 弥の明後日 | |||||||||
| +4 | 弥の明後日, 明明後日, 明明明後日 | |||||||||
| Relative | −2 | 前前日 | 前前週 | 前前月 | 前前年 | |||||
| −1 | 前日 | 前週 | 前月 | 前年 | 前夕 | 前夜 | ||||
| 0 | 当日, 同日 | 当週 | 当月 | 当年, 同年 | 当夜 | |||||
| +1 | 翌日 | 翌週 | 翌月 | 翌年 | 翌朝 | 翌晩 | ||||
| +2 | 翌翌日 | 翌翌週 | 翌翌月 | 翌翌年 | ||||||
| Usage note: 前 and 翌 may be repeated further or instead use the 々 iteration mark | ||||||||||