요

See also: -요
요 U+C694, 요
HANGUL SYLLABLE YO
Composition:ㅇ + ㅛ
← 욓
[U+C693] 		Hangul Syllables 욕 →
[U+C695]
요욕욖욗욘욙욚
욛욜욝욞욟욠욡
욢욣욤욥욦욧욨
용욪욫욬욭욮욯
외 ←→ 우

Korean

Etymology 1

Particle

요 • (yo)

  1. For the verb-final particle, see the entry at -요 (-yo).

Etymology 2

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 요 (Yale: yo), derived from 이 (i, “this”) with a yang vowel introduced for sound-symbolic diminutiveness.

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?yo
Revised Romanization (translit.)?yo
McCune–Reischauer?yo
Yale Romanization?yo

Determiner

요 • (yo)

  1. (diminutive) this (little)
    Synonym: 이 (i, “this”, non-diminutive)
    Coordinate terms: 고 (go, “that”, mesial diminutive), 조 (jo, “that”, distal diminutive)
    요 애기 너무 귀엽다!
    yo aegi neomu gwiyeopda!
    This baby is so cute!
    요 새끼가 뭐라고?
    yo saekki-ga mworago?
    What did this little bastard say?

Etymology 3

First attested in the Won'gakgyeong eonhae (圓覺經諺解 / 원각경언해), 1465, as Middle Korean ᅀᅭᇂ (Yale: zywòh), from Late Middle Chinese 褥 (MC nyowk). Whether Korean lenited the final -k̚ to -h as part of its general leniting process, or whether the Middle Chinese source was a late variety that had already lenited the plosive codas to -ɣ or -ʔ which was then borrowed as -h, is disputed.[1]

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?yo
Revised Romanization (translit.)?yo
McCune–Reischauer?yo
Yale Romanization?yo

Noun

요 • (yo)

  1. a blanket on which one sleeps, often used in Korea in lieu of beds
Derived terms
  • 담요 (damyo, “blanket (in general)”)

Etymology 4

Sino-Korean word from 要 (“necessary”).

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?yo
Revised Romanization (translit.)?yo
McCune–Reischauer?yo
Yale Romanization?yo

Noun

요 • (yo) (hanja 要)

  1. synonym of 요지(要旨) (“main idea”)

Prefix

요— • (yo-) (hanja 要)

  1. (formal) required, necessary
    요보호아동
    yobohoadong
    at-risk children
    (literally, “children in need of protection”)

Suffix

—요 • (-yo) (hanja 要)

  1. (formal, written) required, necessary
    신분증 지참 요
    sinbunjeung jicham yo
    required to bring proof of identity

Usage notes

The prefix is not spaced, but the suffix often is.

Derived terms

Etymology 5

Sino-Korean word from 尿 (“urine”).

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?yo
Revised Romanization (translit.)?yo
McCune–Reischauer?yo
Yale Romanization?yo

Noun

South Korean
Standard Language 		요(尿) (yo)
North Korean
Standard Language 		뇨(尿) (nyo)

요 • (yo) (hanja 尿)

  1. (formal, academic) urine
    Synonym: 오줌 (ojum, usual non-academic term)
    요에 당이 과다하게 나타나고 있습니다.
    Yo-e dang-i gwadahage natanago itseumnida.
    An excessive quantity of sugar is appearing in the urine.
Derived terms

Etymology 6

Sino-Korean word from 遼 (“the Liao”).

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?Yo
Revised Romanization (translit.)?Yo
McCune–Reischauer?Yo
Yale Romanization?yo

Proper noun

South Korean
Standard Language 		요(遼) (Yo)
North Korean
Standard Language 		료(遼) (Ryo)

요 • (Yo) (hanja 遼)

  1. (formal) the Liao, a medieval Khitan empire
    Synonym: 요나라 (Yonara, “the Liao”, usual non-academic term)
Usage notes
  • As with all historical Chinese polities with a single-character name, the Liao are usually referred to with the suffix 나라 (nara, “nation, country”) as 요나라 (Yo-nara, “the Liao country”) outside of formal contexts.
Derived terms

Etymology 7

Sino-Korean word from 堯 (“Emperor Yao”).

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?Yo
Revised Romanization (translit.)?Yo
McCune–Reischauer?Yo
Yale Romanization?yo

Proper noun

요 • (Yo) (hanja 堯)

  1. synonym of 요임금 (Yo-imgeum, “Emperor Yao, legendary ruler of ancient China”)
Derived terms

Etymology 8

Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters, from Middle Korean 요 (Yale: yò), 요〯 (Yale: yǒ), ᅀᅭ (Yale: zyò), or ᅀᅭ〯 (Yale: zyǒ).

Syllable

요 • (yo)

More information
  1. 要: important
    (eumhun reading: 요긴할 요 (yoginhal yo))
    (MC reading: 要 (MC 'jiew|'jiewH))
  2. 謠: song
    (eumhun reading: 노래 요 (norae yo))
    (MC reading: 謠 (MC yew))
  3. 曜: shine, radiant
    (eumhun reading: 빛날 요 (binnal yo))
    (MC reading: 曜 (MC yewH))
  4. 搖: shake
    (eumhun reading: 흔들 요 (heundeul yo))
    (MC reading: 搖 (MC yew))
  5. 堯: Emperor Yao
    (eumhun reading: 요임금 요 (yoimgeum yo))
    (MC reading: 堯 (MC ngew))
  6. 窯: kiln for roof tiles
    (eumhun reading: 기와 굽는 가마 요 (giwa gumneun gama yo))
    (MC reading: 窯 (MC yew))
  7. 蟯: pinworm
    (eumhun reading: 요충 요 (yochung yo))
    (MC reading: 蟯 (MC nyew|'jiew))
  8. 嶢: high, towering
    (eumhun reading: 높을 요 (nopeul yo))
    (MC reading: 嶢 (MC ngew))
  9. 妖: cunning
    (eumhun reading: 요사할 요 (yosahal yo))
    (MC reading: 妖 (MC 'jew))
  10. 腰: waist
    (eumhun reading: 허리 요 (heori yo))
    (MC reading: 腰 (MC 'jiew))
  11. 耀: shine, radiant
    (eumhun reading: 빛날 요 (binnal yo))
    (MC reading: 耀 (MC yewH))
  12. 擾: disturbance, commotion
    (eumhun reading: 시끄러울 요 (sikkeureoul yo))
    (MC reading: 擾 (MC nyewX))
  13. 凹: concave
    (eumhun reading: 오목할 요 (omokhal yo))
    (MC reading: 凹 (MC 'eap))
  14. 姚: pretty
    (eumhun reading: 예쁠 요 (yeppeul yo))
    (MC reading: 姚 (MC yew))
  15. 遙: distant
    (eumhun reading: 멀 요 (meol yo))
    (MC reading: 遙 (MC yew))
  16. 橈: bent, curved
    (eumhun reading: 굽을 요 (gubeul yo))
    (MC reading: 橈 (MC nyew|nraewH))
  17. 繞: surround
    (eumhun reading: 두를 요 (dureul yo))
    (MC reading: 繞 (MC nyewX|nyewH))
  18. 僥: by luck
    (eumhun reading: 요할 요 (yohal yo))
    (MC reading: 僥 (MC ngew))
  19. 拗: stubborn
    (eumhun reading: 우길 요 (ugil yo))
    (MC reading: 拗 (MC 'aewX))
  20. 夭: die young
    (eumhun reading: 일찍 죽을 요 (iljjik jugeul yo))
    (MC reading: 夭 (MC 'jew|'jewX|'awX))
  21. 瑤: precious stone
    (eumhun reading: 아름다운 옥 요 (areumdaun ok yo))
    (MC reading: 瑤 (MC yew))
  22. 饒: sufficient
    (eumhun reading: 넉넉할 요 (neongneokhal yo))
    (MC reading: 饒 (MC nyew|nyewH))
  23. 邀: greet, encounter
    (eumhun reading: 맞을 요 (majeul yo))
    (MC reading: 邀 (MC kew|'jiew))
  24. 窈: calm, tranquil
    (eumhun reading: 그윽할 요 (geueukhal yo))
    (MC reading: 窈 (MC 'ewX))
  25. 樂: enjoy
    (eumhun reading: 즐거울 요 (jeulgeoul yo))
    (MC reading: 樂 (MC ngaewH|ngaewk|lak))
  26. 燿: alternative form of 耀
    (eumhun reading: 빛날 요 (binnal yo))
    (MC reading: 燿 (MC yewH))
  27. 撓: confused
    (eumhun reading: 어지러울 요 (eojireoul yo))
    (MC reading: 撓 (MC xaw|nraewX))
  28. 偠: slender
    (eumhun reading: 날씬할 요 (nalssinhal yo))
    (MC reading: 偠 (MC 'ewX))
  29. 喓: onomatopoeia of insect sounds
    (eumhun reading: 벌레 소리 요 (beolle sori yo))
    (MC reading: 喓 (MC 'jiew))
  30. 坳: hollow, cavity
    (eumhun reading: 우묵할 요 (umukhal yo))
    (MC reading: 坳 (MC 'aew))
  31. 墝: arid land
    (eumhun reading: 메마른 땅 요 (memareun ttang yo))
    (MC reading: 墝 (MC khaew))
  32. 幺: small
    (eumhun reading: 작을 요 (jageul yo))
    (MC reading: 幺 (MC 'ew))
  33. 徭: corvee
    (eumhun reading: 역사 요 (yeoksa yo))
    (MC reading: 徭)
  34. 繇: alternative form of 徭
    (eumhun reading: 역사 요 (yeoksa yo))
    (MC reading: 繇 (MC yew|yuw|drjuwH))
  35. 徼: survey
    (eumhun reading: 돌 요 (dol yo))
    (MC reading: 徼 (MC kew|kewH))
  36. 殀: alternative form of 夭
    (MC reading: 殀 (MC 'jewX))
  37. 澆: irrigate
    (eumhun reading: 물 달 요 (mul dal yo))
    (MC reading: 澆 (MC kew|ngewH))
  38. 祅: catastrophe
    (eumhun reading: 재앙 요 (jaeang yo))
    (MC reading: 祅 (MC 'jew))
  39. 穾: deep, profound
    (eumhun reading: 깊을 요 (gipeul yo))
    (MC reading: 穾)
  40. 窅: sunken eyes
    (eumhun reading: 움펑눈 요 (umpeongnun yo))
    (MC reading: 窅 (MC 'aew|'ewX))
  41. 蕘: firewood
    (eumhun reading: 땔나무 요 (ttaellamu yo))
    (MC reading: 蕘 (MC nyew))
  42. 遶: alternative form of 繞
    (eumhun reading: 두를 요 (dureul yo))
    (MC reading: 遶 (MC nyewX))
  43. 鷂: sparrowhawk
    (eumhun reading: 새매 요 (saemae yo))
    (MC reading: 鷂 (MC yew|yewH))

Etymology 9

South Korean reading of various Chinese characters in isolation or as the first element of a compound, and also the reading in most dialects in 1945, excluding Pyongan and Yukjin. From Middle Korean 료 (Yale: lyò) or 료〯 (Yale: lyǒ). When preceded by another character in a compound, they retain the original 료 (ryo) form.

In the North Korean standard, they are always read as 료 (ryo).

Syllable

요 • (yo)

More information
  1. 料: count, measure
    (eumhun reading: 헤아릴 요 (hearil yo))
    (MC reading: 料 (MC lew|lewH))
  2. 療: cure illness
    (eumhun reading: 병 고칠 요 (byeong gochil yo))
    (MC reading: 療 (MC ljewH))
  3. 僚: companion, coworker
    (eumhun reading: 동료 요 (dongnyo yo))
    (MC reading: 僚 (MC lew|ljewX))
  4. 遼: distant
    (eumhun reading: 멀 요 (meol yo))
    (MC reading: 遼 (MC lew))
  5. 了: finish
    (eumhun reading: 마칠 요 (machil yo))
    (MC reading: 了 (MC lewX))
  6. 寥: quiet, lonely
    (eumhun reading: 쓸쓸할 요 (sseulsseulhal yo))
    (MC reading: 寥 (MC lew|lek))
  7. 寮: government official
    (eumhun reading: 벼슬아치 요 (byeoseurachi yo))
    (MC reading: 寮 (MC lew))
  8. 燎: torchfire
    (eumhun reading: 횃불 요 (hwaetbul yo))
    (MC reading: 燎 (MC ljew|ljewX|ljewH))
  9. 蓼: knotweed
    (eumhun reading: 여뀌 요 (yeokkwi yo))
    (MC reading: 蓼 (MC lewX|ljuwk))
  10. 瞭: bright (of the eyes)
    (eumhun reading: 밝을 요 (balgeul yo))
    (MC reading: 瞭 (MC lew|lewX))
  11. 聊: at least
    (eumhun reading: 애오라지 요 (ae'oraji yo))
    (MC reading: 聊 (MC lew))
  12. 鬧: loud, chatteringly
    (eumhun reading: 시끄러울 요 (sikkeureoul yo))
    (MC reading: 鬧 (MC nraewH))
  13. 嘹: resonant
    (eumhun reading: 울 요 (ul yo))
    (MC reading: 嘹 (MC lew|lewH))
  14. 嫽: play
    (eumhun reading: 장난칠 요 (jangnanchil yo))
    (MC reading: 嫽 (MC lew|ljewX|lewH))
  15. 撩: govern, arrange
    (eumhun reading: 다스릴 요 (daseuril yo))
    (MC reading: 撩 (MC lew|lewX))
  16. 暸: bright
    (eumhun reading: 밝을 요 (balgeul yo))
    (MC reading: 暸)
  17. 潦: flood
    (eumhun reading: 큰비 요 (keunbi yo))
    (MC reading: 潦 (MC lawX|lawH))
  18. 繚: wind around
    (eumhun reading: 감길 요 (gamgil yo))
    (MC reading: 繚 (MC lew|lewX|ljewX))
  19. 醪: rice wine
    (eumhun reading: 막걸리 요 (makgeolli yo))
    (MC reading: 醪 (MC law))
  20. 鐐: silver
    (eumhun reading: 은 요 (eun yo))
    (MC reading: 鐐 (MC lew|lewH))
  21. 飂: onomatopoeia for wind
    (eumhun reading: 바람 소리 요 (baram sori yo))
    (MC reading: 飂 (MC ljuw|ljuwH))

Etymology 10

South Korean reading of various Chinese characters in isolation or as the first element of a compound, and also the reading in most dialects in 1945, excluding Pyongan and Yukjin. From Middle Korean 뇨 (Yale: nyò) or 뇨〯 (Yale: nyǒ). When preceded by another character in a compound, they retain the original 뇨 (nyo) form.

In the North Korean standard, they are always read as 뇨 (nyo).

Syllable

요 • (yo)

More information
  1. 尿: urine
    (eumhun reading: 오줌 요 (ojum yo))
    (MC reading: 尿 (MC newH))
  2. 嬈: pretty
    (eumhun reading: 아리따울 요 (arittaul yo))
    (MC reading: 嬈 (MC newX|nyewX|xewH))
  3. 嬲: mock
    (eumhun reading: 희롱할 요 (huironghal yo))
    (MC reading: 嬲 (MC newX))
  4. 淖: mud
    (eumhun reading: 진흙 요 (jinheuk yo))
    (MC reading: 淖 (MC nraewH))
  5. 裊: curling upwards
    (eumhun reading: 간드러질 요 (gandeureojil yo))
    (MC reading: 裊 (MC newX))
  6. 鐃: big cymbal
    (eumhun reading: 징 요 (jing yo))
    (MC reading: 鐃 (MC nraew))
  7. 嫋: alternative form of 裊
    (eumhun reading: 예쁠 요 (yeppeul yo))
    (MC reading: 嫋 (MC newX))

References

  1. ^ 신승용 (Shin Seung-yong) (2003) “/k/ > /h/ 變(변)化(화)에 對(대)한 考(고)察(찰) [Study on the /k/ > /h/ shift]”, in Gugeohak, volume 41, pages 93—122
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