惜
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Translingual
Han character
惜 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 心廿日 (PTA), four-corner 94061, composition ⿰忄昔)
Derived characters
- 𥧶
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 391, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10814
- Dae Jaweon: page 725, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2313, character 9
- Unihan data for U+60DC
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
惜 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 錫/锡 (sek3) Cantonese 𡃶 (sek3) Cantonese | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 惜 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series (昔) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 借 | *ʔsjaːɡs, *ʔsjaːɡ |
| 唶 | *ʔsjaːɡs |
| 藉 | *zjaːɡs, *zjaːɡ |
| 躤 | *zjaːɡs |
| 蜡 | *zraːɡs, *sʰaːɡs |
| 齰 | *zraːɡs, *zraːɡ |
| 醋 | *sʰaːɡs |
| 錯 | *sʰaːɡs, *sʰaːɡ |
| 措 | *sʰaːɡs |
| 厝 | *sʰaːɡs, *sʰaːɡ |
| 逪 | *sʰaːɡ |
| 剒 | *sʰaːɡ |
| 鵲 | *sʰaɡ |
| 碏 | *sʰaɡ |
| 踖 | *sʰaɡ, *ʔsjaːɡ, *zjaːɡ |
| 趞 | *sʰaɡ |
| 皵 | *sʰaɡ, *sʰjaːɡ |
| 舄 | *sʰjaːɡ, *sʰaɡ, *sjaːɡ, *sjaːɡ |
| 斮 | *ʔsraɡ, *ʔsraːɡ |
| 簎 | *zraːwɢ, *sʰraːɡ, *zjaːɡ |
| 諎 | *ʔsraːɡ |
| 矠 | *sʰreːɡ, *zreːɡ |
| 庴 | *ʔsjaːɡ, *zjaːɡ |
| 籍 | *zjaːɡ |
| 耤 | *zjaːɡ |
| 猎 | *zjaːɡ |
| 昔 | *sjaːɡ |
| 惜 | *sjaːɡ |
| 腊 | *sjaːɡ |
| 焟 | *sjaːɡ |
| 棤 | *sjaːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sjaːɡ): semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 昔 (OC *sjaːɡ) – a feeling (of the heart).
Note that 昔 has meaning of “past, ending”, hence connotations of “feelings for the past, feeling about an ending – regret, rue”.
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sik1 / sek3
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): sék
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sieo5 / sih6
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xī
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: si
- Wade–Giles: hsi1
- Yale: syī
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
- Palladius: си (si)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xí
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sí
- Wade–Giles: hsi2
- Yale: syí
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyi
- Palladius: си (si)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sik1 / sek3
- Yale: sīk / sek
- Cantonese Pinyin: sik7 / sek8
- Guangdong Romanization: xig1 / ség3
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɪk̚⁵/, /sɛːk̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- sik1 - literary (all senses except “to kiss”);
- sek3 - vernacular (“to kiss; to cherish”).
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siak / sit
- Hakka Romanization System: xiagˋ / xidˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: xiag5 / xid5
- Sinological IPA: /si̯ak̚²/, /sit̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: siag / sid
- Sinological IPA: /siak⁵/, /sit⁵/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: xiag5 / xid5
- Sinological IPA: /ɕiak̚¹/, /ɕit̚¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
Note:
- Sixian:
- siak - vernacular;
- sit - literary.
- Hailu:
- siag - vernacular;
- sid - literary.
- Meixian:
- xiag5 - vernacular;
- xid5 - literary.
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sieo5
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sā̤u
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬieu¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sieo5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬieu²¹/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sih6
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sih
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬiʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sih6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬiʔ²/
- (Putian)
Note:
- sieo5 - vernacular;
- sih6 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sioh
- Tâi-lô: sioh
- Phofsit Daibuun: sioiq
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /sioʔ³²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɤʔ³²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sioʔ⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek
- Tâi-lô: sik
- Phofsit Daibuun: seg
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siak
- Tâi-lô: siak
- Phofsit Daibuun: siag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /siak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- sioh - vernacular (“to cherish; to begrudge; to take into consideration”);
- sek/siak - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: sioh4 / siêh4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sioh / sieh
- Sinological IPA (key): /sioʔ²/, /sieʔ²/
Note:
- sioh4 - Shantou;
- siêh4 - Chaozhou.
- Middle Chinese: sjek
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]Ak/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sjaːɡ/
Definitions
惜
- to have pity on; to regret; to feel sorry for
- 痛惜 ― tòngxī ― to deeply regret
- 子謂顏淵曰:「惜乎!吾見其進也,吾未見其止也!」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
- Zǐ wèi Yán Yuān yuē: “Xī hū! Wú jiàn qí jìn yě, wú wèi jiàn qí zhǐ yě!” [Pinyin]
- Speaking of Yan Yuan['s death], the Master said, "The pity of it! I saw him go on, but I never saw him stop!"
子谓颜渊曰:「惜乎!吾见其进也,吾未见其止也!」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]- 子與我衣,我活也。我與子衣,子活也。我,國士也,為天下惜死。子,不肖人也,不足愛也。子與我子之衣。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Lü Buwei, Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE
- Zǐ yǔ wǒ yī, wǒ huó yě. Wǒ yǔ zǐ yī, zǐ huó yě. Wǒ, guóshì yě, wèi tiānxià xī sǐ. Zǐ, bùxiào rén yě, bùzú ài yě. Zǐ yǔ wǒ zǐ zhī yī. [Pinyin]
- If you give me your clothes, I will live. If I give you my clothes, you will live. I am a distinguished man of state, and it would be a pity if I died for the sake of the empire. As for you, you are an unworthy person and are not worth begrudging. You should give me your clothes.
子与我衣,我活也。我与子衣,子活也。我,国士也,为天下惜死。子,不肖人也,不足爱也。子与我子之衣。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- to cherish; to adore; to value greatly; to love dearly
- to begrudge; to grudge; to spare; to stint
- (Cantonese) to kiss
- 1986, “連鎖反應 [liánsuǒ fǎnyìng]”, performed by 林姍姍:
- 門牙和紅唇做美夢 每次你輕輕的親我(錫啖先囉 唔) [Cantonese, trad.]
- mun4 ngaa4 wo4 hung4 seon4 zou6 mei5 mung6, mui5 ci3 nei5 hing1 hing1 dik1 can1 ngo5 (sek3 daam6 sin1 lo1, m4) [Jyutping]
- Incisors and ruddy lips are dreaming good dreams every time you kiss me lightly (give me a kiss, mmm...)
门牙和红唇做美梦 每次你轻轻的亲我(锡啖先啰 唔) [Cantonese, simp.]
- (Mainland China Hokkien) to take into consideration; to take into account; to give consideration to
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 疼 (“to love; to be fond of; to dote on”) [map]
Dialectal synonyms of 吻 (“to kiss”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 吻, 親, 親吻 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 吻, 親 |
| Taiwan | 吻, 親 | |
| Singapore | 吻, 親 | |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 親 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 親 |
| Xi'an | 親 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 親 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 惜, 啜, 痛 |
| Hong Kong | 惜, 啜, 嘴 | |
| Taishan | 啜 | |
| Dongguan | 啜 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 惜 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 唚 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 唚 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 唚 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 唚 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 唚 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 唚 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 唚 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 親 |
| Xinzhou | 親 | |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 蜜 |
| Songxi | 鼻 | |
| Zhenghe | 蜜 | |
| Jianyang | 蜜 | |
| Wuyishan | 敕 | |
| Pucheng (Shibei) | 鼻 | |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 唚 |
| Xiamen (Tong'an) | 唚 | |
| Quanzhou | 唚 | |
| Shishi | 唚 | |
| Zhangzhou | 唚 | |
| Tainan | 唚 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 唚 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 唚 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 唚 | |
| Chaozhou | 唚 | |
| Shantou | 唚 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 唚 | |
| Haikou | 惜 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 香, 親 |
| Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) | 香 | |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 香 | |
| Suzhou | 香 | |
| Hangzhou | 香 | |
| Ningbo | 親 | |
- 冥思 (míngsī)
- 冥想 (míngxiǎng)
- 品味 (pǐnwèi)
- 尋味 / 寻味 (xúnwèi)
- 尋思 / 寻思
- 念 (niàn)
- 思 (literary, or in compounds)
- 思想 (sīxiǎng)
- 思慮 / 思虑 (sīlǜ)
- 思索 (sīsuǒ)
- 思維 / 思维 (sīwéi)
- 思考 (sīkǎo)
- 思裁 (si1 cai2) (Sichuanese)
- 思量 (sīliáng)
- 慎思 (shènsī)
- 掂掇 (diānduo) (colloquial)
- 推敲 (tuīqiāo)
- 掂量 (diānliáng)
- 揣摩 (chuǎimó)
- 斟酌 (zhēnzhuó) (figuratively)
- 沉思 (chénsī)
- 深思 (shēnsī)
- 照顧 / 照顾 (zhàogù)
- 玩味 (wánwèi)
- 玩弄 (Classical Chinese)
- 琢磨 (zuómo)
- 算計 / 算计 (suànjì)
- 考慮 / 考虑 (kǎolǜ)
- 苦思 (kǔsī)
- 著想 / 着想 (zhuóxiǎng)
- 計算 / 计算 (jìsuàn)
- 計較 / 计较
- 設想 / 设想 (shèxiǎng)
- 顧全 / 顾全 (gùquán)
- 顧及 / 顾及 (gùjí)
Compounds
- 不惜 (bùxī)
- 不足惜
- 作惜
- 保惜
- 傷惜 / 伤惜
- 可惜 (kěxī)
- 吝惜 (lìnxī)
- 哀惜
- 嗟惜
- 嘆惜 / 叹惜 (tànxī)
- 在所不惜 (zàisuǒbùxī)
- 大牛惜力 (Min Nan)
- 完惜
- 寵惜 / 宠惜
- 寶惜 / 宝惜
- 將惜 / 将惜
- 弔惜 / 吊惜
- 得人惜 (Min Nan)
- 怯惜
- 怨惜
- 惜傷 / 惜伤
- 惜分 (Min Nan)
- 惜分陰 / 惜分阴
- 惜別 / 惜别 (xībié)
- 惜別會 / 惜别会
- 惜力 (xīlì)
- 惜千千
- 惜名
- 惜吝
- 惜命命 (Min Nan)
- 惜售 (xīshòu)
- 惜囝 (Min Nan)
- 惜字
- 惜字如金
- 惜孤念寡
- 惜客好義 / 惜客好义
- 惜寸陰 / 惜寸阴
- 惜性命 (Min Nan)
- 惜恨
- 惜恐
- 惜惋
- 悵惜 / 怅惜
- 悲惜
- 惋惜 (wǎnxī)
- 悼惜
- 惜惜
- 惜愛 / 惜爱
- 惜指失掌
- 惜春
- 惜春御史
- 惜春鳥 / 惜春鸟
- 惜景
- 惜本分 (Min Nan)
- 惜死
- 惜氣 / 惜气
- 惜玉
- 惜玉憐香 / 惜玉怜香
- 惜生
- 惜略 (Min Nan)
- 惜疼
- 惜皮 (Min Nan)
- 惜眠 (Min Nan)
- 惜福 (Min Nan)
- 惜老憐貧 / 惜老怜贫
- 惜花連盆 / 惜花连盆 (Min Nan)
- 惜花連盆,疼囝連孫 / 惜花连盆,疼囝连孙 (Min Nan)
- 惜誓
- 惜護 / 惜护
- 惜身
- 惜閔 / 惜闵
- 惜陰 / 惜阴 (xīyīn)
- 惜面皮 (Min Nan)
- 惜香憐玉 / 惜香怜玉
- 惜墨如金
- 惜墨法
- 愍惜
- 慨惜
- 愛惜 / 爱惜 (àixī)
- 愛惜羽毛 / 爱惜羽毛 (àixīyǔmáo)
- 惺惺相惜 (xīngxīngxiāngxī)
- 愛日惜力 / 爱日惜力
- 愾惜 / 忾惜
- 慎惜
- 愧惜
- 憐孤惜寡 / 怜孤惜寡
- 憫惜 / 悯惜
- 憐惜 / 怜惜 (liánxī)
- 憐貧惜老 / 怜贫惜老
- 憐香惜玉 / 怜香惜玉 (liánxiāngxīyù)
- 憾惜
- 懊惜
- 戀惜 / 恋惜
- 拍惜
- 撫惜 / 抚惜
- 擏惜 (geng6 sek3) (Cantonese)
- 敏惜
- 暗惜
- 棄之可惜 / 弃之可惜
- 歉惜
- 歎惜 / 叹惜 (tànxī)
- 死不足惜 (sǐbùzúxī)
- 珍惜 (zhēnxī)
- 疼惜 (Min Nan)
- 痛惜 (tòngxī)
- 省惜
- 矜惜
- 祕惜 / 秘惜
- 禹惜寸陰 / 禹惜寸阴
- 自惜羽毛
- 苟惜
- 苦惜
- 計惜 / 计惜
- 謹惜 / 谨惜
- 護惜 / 护惜
- 貪惜 / 贪惜
- 貴惜 / 贵惜
- 軫惜 / 轸惜
- 輕憐疼惜 / 轻怜疼惜
- 輕憐痛惜 / 轻怜痛惜
- 輕憐重惜 / 轻怜重惜
- 追惜
- 遺惜 / 遗惜
- 重惜
- 閔惜 / 闵惜
- 閟惜 / 𮤲惜
- 靳惜
- 顧惜 / 顾惜 (gùxī)
- 體惜 / 体惜
Descendants
- → Vietnamese: tiếc (“to regret”)
References
- “惜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “惜”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
Japanese
Kanji
惜
Readings
- Go-on: しゃく (shaku)←しやく (syaku, historical)
- Kan-on: せき (seki, Jōyō)←せき (seki, historical)
- Kun: おしい (oshii, 惜しい, Jōyō)←をしい (wosii, 惜しい, historical)、おしむ (oshimu, 惜しむ, Jōyō)←をしむ (wosimu, 惜しむ, historical)、あたらし (atarashi, 惜し)、あたらしい (atarashii, 惜しい)
Compounds
Definitions
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 惜 |
| あたら Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 惜 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 惜, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Korean
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰʌ̹k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [석]
Hanja
惜 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
惜: Hán Nôm readings: tiếc, tích
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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