石

石 U+77F3, 石 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77F3 ← 矲 [U+77F2] CJK Unified Ideographs 矴 → [U+77F4]

⽯ U+2F6F, ⽯ KANGXI RADICAL STONE ← ⽮ [U+2F6E] Kangxi Radicals ⽰ → [U+2F70]

Stroke order

Stroke order

石 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一口 (MR), four-corner 1060₀, composition ⿸丆口)

1. Kangxi radical #112, ⽯.

• Appendix:Chinese radical/石
• 佦, 㓈, 坧, 妬, 拓, 沰, 柘, 炻, 祏, 䄷, 䇉, 袥, 䖨, 䞠, 跖, 鉐(𬬷), 鮖, 鼫
• 劯, 斫, 䲽, 宕, 岩, 沯, 雼, 乭, 㸴, 磊, 䦒, 唘, 䀾, 㻹

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 827, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24024
• Dae Jaweon: page 1239, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2416, character 1
• Unihan data for U+77F3

simp. and trad.		石
alternative forms		䂖 𥐖 䂖 𥐘 䄷 unit of measure

Pictogram (象形): a stone beneath a cliff (厂). The cliff was subsequently distorted into 丆; compare 叚 , 段 as well as 度, 席.

Alternatively, a cave set into the side of a cliff or mountain.

Unknown.

Schuessler, (2007) proposes a probable relation Proto-Vietic *l-taːʔ (“stone”) (whence Vietnamese đá and Khmer ដា (daa, “rock; stone”)); however this is unlikely due to both:

• the mismatch between final *-k and *-ʔ, which requires Schuessler to assume that Chinese added "the familiar final -k" after foreign *-ʔ, resulting in *-ʔ-k > *-k (for an analogy, 汝 (OC *naʔ) > 若 (OC *nak)), therefore reducing his proposal's parsimony;
• that so far only nasal pre-initials, not *-l-, are known to have a voicing effect on Old Chinese voiceless initials (see Baxter & Sagart, 2014, Jacques, 2020, etc.); so Proto-Vietic *l-t- would unlikely become Old Chinese *d-.

石

1. stone; rock (Classifier: 嚿 c; 塊／块 c)
2. (Cantonese) gem; jewel; jade
3. a surname

   石陽／石阳  ―  Shí Yáng  ―  Shih Yang (a pirate leader who terrorized the China Seas during the early 19th century)

(Others)

• → Tocharian B: cāk

Contains pronunciations from 擔／担 (dàn) (Qiu, 1988, p. 220).

石

1. a unit of dry measure for grain (equal to 100 liters)

• “石”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “石”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 159.
• 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “石”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 486.

• “石”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

• Go-on: じゃく (jaku)^{←じやく (zyaku, historical)}
• Kan-on: せき (seki, Jōyō)
• Tō-on: しく (shiku)
• Kan’yō-on: こく (koku, Jōyō ^†)、しゃく (shaku, Jōyō ^†)^{←しやく (syaku, historical)}
• Kun: いし (ishi, 石, Jōyō)、いわ (iwa)^{←いは (ifa, historical)}
• Nanori: あつ (atsu)、いさ (isa)、いす (isu)、いそ (iso)、かた (kata)、し (shi)、せっく (sekku)、と (to)

Kanji in this term
石
いし Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨isi⟩ → /iɕi/

From Old Japanese.^[1] First cited in the Man'yōshū of 759. In turn, the Old Japanese is reconstructed as from Proto-Japonic *isoi.

Likely cognate with 磯 (iso, “pebble; gravel; rocky beach”).

• (Tokyo) いし [ìshíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[2][3]
• IPA^(key): [iɕi]

石(いし) • (ishi) 

1. a stone
   • 1999 March 27, “ストーン・アルマジラー [Stone Armadiller]”, in Vol.2, Konami:

     体(からだ)が石(いし)のように堅(かた)い毛(け)で覆(おお)われており、守(まも)りがかたい。

     Karada ga ishi no yō ni katai ke de ōwareteori, mamori ga katai.

     With a body covered in a coat as hard as stones, its defence is solid.

2. (slang, electronics) a transistor

Kanji in this term
石
こく Grade: 1
kan'yōon

From Middle Chinese 斛 (MC huwk).

The 石 spelling came about through customary use in Japan of this character for the unit of measure.^[1]

• (Tokyo) こく [kóꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [ko̞kɯ̟]

石(こく) • (koku) 

1. a traditional Japanese unit of volume, one koku is ten 斗 (to):
   1. for grains of rice; one koku is equal to approximately 180 litres
   2. (by extension, historical) for land of famous daimyo or samurai; one koku is also approximately 180 litres
   3. for 和船 (wasen); one koku is equal to 10 cubic shaku or approximately 0.278 cubic metres
2. a unit of quantity for 鮭 (sake, “salmon”) and 鱒 (masu, “trout”); one koku is equal to 40 salmon or 60 trout

• 石(こく)高(だか) (kokudaka)

• → English: koku
• → Portuguese: coco

Kanji in this term
石
せき Grade: 1
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 石 (MC dzyek).

• (Tokyo) せき [sèkí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [se̞kʲi]

石(せき) • (-seki) 

1. counter for gemstones used as bearings in watches and other devices
2. (slang, electronics) counter for transistors, especially discrete ones

   六(ろく)石(せき)ラジオ

   rokuseki rajio

   six-transistor radio

石(せき) • (seki) 

1. a traditional Japanese unit of volume, one koku is ten 斗 (to)

石(せき) • (seki) 

1. stone
2. needle made of stone
3. go stone
4. something solid but worthless
5. clipping of 石見国 (Iwami-no-kun): Iwami Province

From Middle Chinese 石 (MC dzyek).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	쎡〮 (Yale: ssyék)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3]	돌〯 (Yale: twǒl)	셕〮 (Yale: syék)

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰʌ̹k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [석]

Wikisource

石 (eumhun 돌 석 (dol seok))

1. hanja form^? of 석 (“stone”)

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

• Kun: しー (shī, 石)

Cognate with Japanese 石 (ishi).

• IPA^(key): /ɕiː/

石(しー) (shī) 

1. stone

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

• Kun: いす (isu, 石)

Cognate with Japanese 石 (ishi).

• IPA^(key): /iss̩/, /isz̩/

石(いす) (isu) 

1. stone

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

• Kun: いし (ishi)

Cognate with Japanese 石 (ishi).

• IPA^(key): /ʔiɕi/

石(いし) (ishi) 

1. stone

Cognate with 磯 (iso₁, “pebble; gravel; rocky beach”).

石 (isi) (kana いし)

1. a stone
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, poem 869:

     多良志比賣可尾能美許等能奈都良須等美多多志世利斯伊志遠多礼美吉

     tarasi pi₁me₁ kami₂ no₂ mi₁ko₂to₂ no₂ na turasu to₂ mi₁-tatasi serisi isi wo tare miki₁

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

     Note: Original text here. Another version replaces na turasu to₂ with 阿由都流等 (ayu turu to₂, “catching sweetfishes”)

• 大石 (opoisi), 大石 (opi₂si)

• Japanese: 石 (ishi)

石: Hán Việt readings: thạch^[1][2][3], đán^[3]
石: Nôm readings: thạch^[1][2], sạch^[1]

1. chữ Hán form of thạch (“stone”)

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

• Kun: いしぃ (isï, 石)

Cognate with Japanese 石 (ishi).

• IPA^(key): /ʔisɨ/

石(いしぃ) (isï) 

1. stone

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

• Kun: いち (ichi, 石)

Cognate with Japanese 石 (ishi).

• IPA^(key): /it͡ɕi/

石(いち) (ichi) 

1. stone

• “いち【石】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.